{"id":"cma-106972","titulo":{"en":"Wooden Movable Type","es":"Tipo móvil de madera"},"titulo_original":"Wooden Moveable Type","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"probably 1800s","cultura":"China, Nigur, 19th century ?","tecnica":"wood","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of M. Paul Pelliot","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.975","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.975/1924.975_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Wooden Movable Type","se_ve":"At the center of the image, against a gradient background from black to light gray, rests a small cubic block of wood that fills most of the frame. The piece is shown in three-quarter view, slightly turned, revealing its carved front face and parts of its side and top. The front displays coarsely carved characters in reverse relief, with accumulations of black ink settled in grooves and along worn edges. The wood is medium to dark brown, with visible grain on the top where parallel cut lines appear. The sides are rough, with exposed fibers, small nicks, and darkening from use and dried ink. Light comes from the front-left, creating soft shadows and highlighting the relief and the grainy texture of the neutral background, which looks like gray paper or felt. The scale is intimate, about the size of a large die that fits in the palm. Noticeable are splinters, irregular wear, and a slightly greasy patina that speaks to repeated handling.","contexto":"According to data from the Cleveland Museum of Art, this is a wooden movable type, by an unknown maker, probably dated to the 1800s. It is associated with Chinese culture, with a reference to Nigur — a toponym not clarified in the record — and belongs to the Chinese Art department. It was a gift of M. Paul Pelliot. The technique is carved wood. In China, printing with wooden movable types is known from at least the Song dynasty, although it is not known whether this particular piece belongs to that tradition or to a later regional production of the 19th century. Its specific original use and exact findspot are not recorded.","como_mirarla":"First look at the carved relief on the front and how black ink remains embedded in every groove. Then examine the grain on the top and the uncarved sides to see wear from handling. Pause on the irregularities of the carving, which reveal handwork and age.","dato_curioso":"Printing with wooden movable type in China predates European metal movable type printing by several centuries, and blocks like this were inked and reused to compose different pages.","preguntas":["What kind of text do you imagine was repeatedly printed with this small block?","How does your reading of the object change when you realize its inscription is reversed for printing?","What traces of use make you think about the hands that once handled it?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Tipo móvil de madera","se_ve":"En el centro de la imagen, sobre un fondo degradado de negro a gris claro, reposa un pequeño bloque cúbico de madera que ocupa casi todo el encuadre. La pieza se muestra en tres cuartos, ligeramente girada, permitiendo ver su cara frontal tallada y parte de su lateral y superior. La cara frontal presenta caracteres en relieve invertidos, toscamente esculpidos, con restos de tinta negra acumulada en surcos y bordes desgastados. La madera es de tono marrón medio a oscuro, con vetas visibles en la parte superior donde se aprecian líneas paralelas del corte. Los costados son rugosos, con fibras expuestas, pequeñas muescas y oscurecimiento por el uso y la tinta seca. La luz viene del frente-izquierda, creando sombras suaves y resaltando el relieve y la textura granulada del fondo neutro, que parece papel o tela gris. La escala es íntima, del tamaño de un dado grande para la mano. Se notan astillas, desgaste irregular y una pátina grasosa que habla de manipulación repetida.","contexto":"Según los datos del Cleveland Museum of Art, se trata de un tipo móvil de madera, de autor desconocido y fechado probablemente en el siglo XIX. Se asocia a la cultura china, con mención a Nigur — topónimo no precisado en la ficha — y pertenece al departamento de Arte Chino. Fue donado por M. Paul Pelliot. La técnica es talla en madera. En China la impresión con tipos móviles de madera se conoce desde al menos la dinastía Song, aunque no se sabe si esta pieza concreta corresponde a ese linaje o a una producción regional posterior del siglo XIX. No consta para qué texto se usó ni su lugar exacto de hallazgo.","como_mirarla":"Observa primero el relieve tallado de frente y cómo la tinta negra se ha incrustado en cada surco. Luego mira la veta superior y los laterales sin tallar para notar el desgaste por uso. Detente en las imperfecciones del tallado, que revelan el trabajo manual y el paso del tiempo.","dato_curioso":"La impresión con tipos móviles de madera en China antecede por siglos a la imprenta europea de tipos metálicos, y los bloques como este se entintaban y reutilizaban para componer páginas distintas.","preguntas":["¿Qué texto imaginas que se imprimió repetidamente con este pequeño bloque?","¿Cómo cambia tu percepción del objeto al saber que su inscripción está invertida para poder imprimir?","¿Qué huellas de uso te hacen pensar en las manos que lo manipularon?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["movable type","carved wood","printing","chinese art","19th century","relief characters","graphic heritage","utilitarian object","wear","inking"],"es":["tipo móvil","madera tallada","imprenta","arte chino","siglo xix","caracteres en relieve","patrimonio gráfico","objeto utilitario","desgaste","entintado"]},"objetos":["bloque de madera","tipo móvil","caracteres tallados en relieve","restos de tinta","veta de madera"],"colores":["#4A3728","#1A1A1A","#8B7355","#C4C4C4","#0D0D0D"],"animo":["sobrio","táctil","histórico"],"epoca":"probablemente siglo XIX","certeza":"media","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"If you look closely, you will notice what fascinates me most: the traces of black ink trapped in the grooves of the inverted relief and along its worn edges. The medium to dark brown wood shows its grain on the top and exposed fibers on the sides. I see nicks, tiny splinters and a greasy patina from repeated handling. The frontal light highlights the uneven wear. It is a utilitarian object from the nineteenth century, by an unknown maker, hand-carved, donated by M. Paul Pelliot, and its exact history still holds questions.","es":"Si te acercas, notarás lo que a mí me fascina: los restos de tinta negra atrapados en los surcos del relieve invertido y en los bordes desgastados. La madera de tono marrón medio a oscuro muestra la veta en la parte superior y fibras expuestas en los costados. Veo muescas, astillas y una pátina grasosa por el uso repetido. La luz frontal resalta el desgaste irregular. Es un objeto utilitario del siglo XIX, de autor desconocido, tallado a mano, donado por M. Paul Pelliot, y su historia exacta aún guarda preguntas."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"I like to think of this tiny block as a small, dense star. It fills almost the entire frame, as if floating against a background that fades from black to light gray. Its carved front faces us, but its characters are inverted, waiting to be read only when printed, like a constellation that only makes sense when mirrored. We know that in China printing with movable wooden type has existed since the Song dynasty, although we do not know if this nineteenth-century piece comes from that lineage or from a later regional production.","es":"Me gusta pensar este bloquecito como una estrella pequeña y densa. Ocupa casi todo el encuadre, como si flotara sobre un fondo que va del negro al gris claro. Su cara frontal tallada mira hacia nosotros, pero sus caracteres están invertidos, esperando ser leídos al imprimirse, como una constelación que solo cobra sentido al reflejarse. Sabemos que en China la impresión con tipos móviles de madera existe desde la dinastía Song, aunque no sabemos si esta pieza del siglo XIX viene de ese linaje o de una producción regional posterior."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a giant wooden dice, but with funny little drawings on one side. It is tilted so we can see three parts at once. It is brown and you can see the little wood lines on top. It looks scratchy and has little black ink stains that never came off. If you touch it with your eyes, it looks very old, with tiny chips and scrapes from so much use. It is small, it would fit in your hand. I wonder what word it made when they pressed it onto paper with ink.","es":"Parece un dado gigante de madera, pero con dibujitos raros en un lado. Está puesto de ladito para que veamos tres partes a la vez. Es marrón y se le ven las rayitas de la madera arriba. Está rasposito y tiene manchitas negras de tinta que no se borraron. Si lo tocas con los ojos, se ve viejito, con piquitos y raspones de tanto usarlo. Es chiquito, cabe en la mano. Me pregunto qué palabra formaba cuando lo apretaban contra el papel con tinta."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What color are the remains trapped in the grooves of the relief?","es":"¿De qué color son los restos que se quedaron atrapados en los surcos del relieve?"},"pista":{"en":"Look on the carved front face for the dark tone gathered along the worn edges.","es":"Busca en la cara frontal tallada el tono oscuro acumulado en los bordes desgastados."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What material makes up the small cubic block in the center?","es":"¿Qué material forma el pequeño bloque cúbico del centro?"},"pista":{"en":"Notice the parallel grain on the top and the exposed fibers on the sides.","es":"Observa las vetas paralelas en la parte superior y las fibras expuestas en los costados."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"How many faces of the block can be seen at once because it is turned in three quarters view?","es":"¿Cuántas caras del bloque se distinguen a la vez por estar girado en tres cuartos?"},"pista":{"en":"Count the front face with characters, plus the top and one side peeking out.","es":"Cuenta la cara frontal con caracteres, más la parte superior y un lateral que asoman."}}],"conexiones":["imprenta y tipos móviles","madera tallada y veta","tinta y entintado","caracteres en relieve invertidos","arte chino del siglo XIX","objeto utilitario y desgaste por uso","donación de M. Paul Pelliot"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}