{"id":"cma-112047","titulo":{"en":"The Raising of Lazarus","es":"La resurrección de Lázaro"},"titulo_original":"The Raising of Lazarus","autor":"Lucas van Leyden (Netherlandish, 1494–about 1533)","fecha":"by 1508","cultura":"Netherlands, 16th century","tecnica":"engraving","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.528","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.528/1930.528_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"The Raising of Lazarus","se_ve":"A vertical engraving in black ink on grayish-beige paper, with extremely fine hatching and gentle contrasts. In the foreground, at lower left, a kneeling veiled woman joins her hands and looks upward, beside an older hooded man in a loose robe who watches the scene. At the center, Lazarus — bearded, half-naked, and wrapped in burial cloths falling in angular folds — emerges from an open tomb shaped like a dark cave; he grips ropes or bandages while a bent man helps him. To the right stands Christ, bearded, barefoot, and wearing a long tunic, with a serene gesture and upturned gaze, accompanied by a standing veiled woman with lowered head and folded hands, and by several men behind them. Behind them is an embankment with gnarled tree trunks and canopies drawn in dense lines; two figures climb or peer through the branches for a better view. In the background, tiny couples appear in gaps between the trees, along with a landscape of houses and walking figures. The light does not come from a visible source: it is born from the whiteness of the paper and darkens through parallel hatching. Small stones on the ground, grasses, rough bark, and highly voluminous, almost sculptural draperies are all carefully visible.","contexto":"According to the source data, this is The Raising of Lazarus, an engraving by Netherlandish artist Lucas van Leyden (1494–about 1533), made by 1508 in the Netherlands. It belongs to the Cleveland Museum of Art, as a gift of The Print Club of Cleveland. The subject comes from the Gospel of John: Christ brings Lazarus back to life after he has died. In early sixteenth-century Northern European art, biblical stories were often placed in contemporary-looking landscapes and clothing, so distant events would feel close to viewers. The exact clothing of each secondary figure is not identified in the source; the women beside Christ are probably Martha and Mary, Lazarus's sisters.","como_mirarla":"First find Lazarus at the center: his bound hands and the open tomb explain everyone's gazes. Then shift to Christ, calmer and more distant than the emotional figures around him. Finally, look up at the spectators in the trees and the tiny background figures, which turn a miracle into a public scene.","dato_curioso":"If Lucas van Leyden was born in 1494 and this engraving was made by 1508, he produced this complex, multi-figure composition at no more than about fourteen years of age.","preguntas":["What changes if we read the scene from Lazarus's viewpoint rather than Christ's?","Why might the artist place curious spectators in the trees during a miracle?","How does the black-and-white engraving technique affect the feelings of death, grief, and hope in the scene?"]},"es":{"titulo":"La resurrección de Lázaro","se_ve":"Grabado vertical en tinta negra sobre papel beige grisáceo, de trama finísima y contrastes suaves. En primer plano, abajo a la izquierda, una mujer arrodillada con velo y manos juntas mira hacia arriba, junto a un anciano con hábito y capucha que observa la escena. En el centro, Lázaro, semidesnudo, barbudo y envuelto en sudarios que caen en pliegues angulosos, sale de una tumba abierta como una cueva oscura; se aferra a cuerdas o vendas y un hombre inclinado lo ayuda. A la derecha, Cristo, barbudo, con túnica larga y pies descalzos, levanta la mirada con gesto sereno, acompañado por una mujer con velo de pie, cabeza baja y manos cruzadas, y varios hombres detrás. El segundo plano es un terraplén con árboles de troncos nudosos y copas trazadas con líneas densas; dos figuras trepan o se asoman entre ramas para ver mejor. Al fondo, en espacios pequeños entre árboles, aparecen parejas diminutas, un paisaje con casas y figuras que caminan. La luz no viene de un foco visible: nace del blanco del papel y se oscurece con rayados paralelos. Se notan piedrecitas en el suelo, hierbas, cortezas rugosas y telas con mucho volumen, casi escultóricas.","contexto":"Según los datos de la fuente, esta obra es La resurrección de Lázaro, un grabado del artista neerlandés Lucas van Leyden (1494-hacia 1533), realizado hacia 1508 o antes, en los Países Bajos. Pertenece al Cleveland Museum of Art, como donación de The Print Club of Cleveland. El tema procede del Evangelio de Juan: Cristo devuelve la vida a Lázaro después de su muerte. En el arte del norte de Europa de principios del siglo XVI era frecuente situar relatos bíblicos en paisajes y ropas cercanas a la época, para hacerlos sentir próximos. La fuente no identifica la ropa de cada personaje secundario; probablemente las mujeres junto a Cristo son Marta y María, hermanas de Lázaro.","como_mirarla":"Busca primero a Lázaro en el centro: sus manos atadas y la tumba abierta explican todas las miradas. Después pasa a Cristo, más sereno y distante que las figuras emocionadas que lo rodean. Al final, sube a los curiosos entre los árboles y a las figuras diminutas del fondo, que convierten el milagro en una escena pública.","dato_curioso":"Si Lucas van Leyden nació en 1494 y este grabado se hizo hacia 1508 o antes, el artista creó esta composición compleja, llena de figuras, con no más de unos catorce años.","preguntas":["¿Qué cambia si leemos la escena desde el punto de vista de Lázaro y no desde el de Cristo?","¿Por qué el artista coloca curiosos en los árboles durante un milagro?","¿Cómo influye la técnica del grabado en blanco y negro en la sensación de muerte, duelo y esperanza?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["engraving","northern renaissance","16th century","raising of lazarus","biblical scene","christ","miracle","resurrection","tomb","trees","grief","hope"],"es":["grabado","renacimiento nórdico","siglo xvi","resurrección de lázaro","escena bíblica","cristo","milagro","resurrección","tumba","árboles","duelo","esperanza"]},"objetos":["printmaking plate marks","Central seated figure (Lazarus?) on rock/block, draped cloth","Standing figure with long hair (center-right, possibly Christ or companion) holding garment","Standing figure with head covering, hands clasped (right-center)","Kneeling figure with clasped hands (lower left)","Standing older man with hand near chin (lower left)","Multiple onlookers crowded in background","Tall trees framing scene (left and right, one bare, others leafy)","Small distant figures on path above cave/tomb entrance","Dark cave/tomb opening (upper left-center, behind Lazarus)","Hilly landscape with buildings (far right background)","Patterned canopy trees (center-top)"],"colores":[],"animo":["asombro solemne y melancólico"],"epoca":"by 1508","certeza":"alta","advertencias":["muerte y cadáver","semidesnudez","temática religiosa"],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on the fineness of the black ink on that grayish beige paper, with a texture so thin it seems to breathe. Notice how light is not painted, it comes from the white of the paper and darkens with parallel hatching. I am drawn to Lazarus shrouds, with angular and almost sculptural folds, and the ground filled with little stones and grasses. It is a vertical print from around 1508, by Lucas van Leyden, and its soft contrast is still very well preserved thanks to careful care of the impression.","es":"Me detengo en la finura de la tinta negra sobre ese papel beige grisáceo, con trama tan delgada que parece respirar. Observa cómo la luz no está pintada, nace del blanco del papel y se oscurece con rayados paralelos. Me interesan los sudarios de Lázaro, con pliegues angulosos y casi escultóricos, y el suelo lleno de piedrecitas y hierbas. Es un grabado vertical de hacia 1508, de Lucas van Leyden, y su contraste suave todavía se conserva muy bien gracias al cuidado de la estampa."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"Here there is no sun drawn and yet everything is illuminated. The white of the paper works like a light emerging from the dark cave where Lazarus rises. I like to look at the middle ground, that embankment with gnarled trunks and dense crowns, and two figures climbing to see better. In the background there is a landscape with tiny houses and walkers. It is like a layered universe, where each plane, from foreground to background, holds its own scale and its own distance.","es":"Aquí no hay un sol dibujado y sin embargo todo se ilumina. El blanco del papel funciona como una luz que emerge de la cueva oscura donde Lázaro se levanta. Me gusta mirar el segundo plano, ese terraplén con árboles de troncos nudosos y copas densas, y dos figuras trepando para ver mejor. Al fondo hay un paisaje con casitas y caminantes diminutos. Es como un universo en capas, donde cada plano, del primer al último, guarda su propia escala y su propia distancia."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"Look how many people are watching the miracle. Down on the left there is a kneeling woman with hands together and a hooded man opening his eyes wide. In the center Lazarus comes out of a dark cave wrapped in bandages and another man helps him with some ropes. On the right is Christ barefoot in his long robe. There are even two people up in the trees so they do not miss anything. It seems like everyone is holding their breath at the same time.","es":"Mira cuánta gente está mirando el milagro. Abajo a la izquierda hay una mujer arrodillada con las manos juntas y un señor con capucha que abre mucho los ojos. En el centro Lázaro sale de una cueva oscura envuelto en vendas y otro hombre lo ayuda con unas cuerdas. A la derecha está Cristo descalzo con su túnica larga. Hasta hay dos personas subidas a los árboles para no perderse nada. Parece que todos contienen la respiración al mismo tiempo."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"Down on the left, what position is the veiled woman who looks upward in?","es":"Abajo a la izquierda, ¿qué posición tiene la mujer con velo que mira hacia arriba?"},"pista":{"en":"Look in the foreground, next to the older man with a hood.","es":"Busca en el primer plano, junto al anciano con capucha."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"In the center of the image, from what dark place is Lazarus emerging wrapped in shrouds?","es":"En el centro de la imagen, ¿de qué lugar oscuro está saliendo Lázaro envuelto en sudarios?"},"pista":{"en":"It is behind Lazarus, in the center, and looks like a rock with a black entrance.","es":"Está detrás de Lázaro, en el centro, y parece una roca con una entrada negra."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"According to the record, how many figures climbed into the trees to see the scene better?","es":"Según la ficha, ¿cuántas figuras se subieron a los árboles para ver mejor la escena?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the middle ground, among the gnarled trunks on the embankment.","es":"Mira el segundo plano, entre los troncos nudosos del terraplén."}}],"conexiones":["milagro y resurrección","grabado en tinta sobre papel","luz que nace del blanco del papel","paisaje con terraplén y árboles nudosos","tumba como cueva","mirones y testigos en segundo plano","Renacimiento nórdico de principios del siglo XVI","donación al Cleveland Museum of Art"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}