{"id":"cma-118572","titulo":{"en":"The Several Habits of English Women: The Woman with Flowers","es":"The Several Habits of English Women: La mujer con flores"},"titulo_original":"The Several Habits of English Women, from the Nobility to the Country Women as they are in these times: The Woman with Flowers","autor":"Wenceslaus Hollar (Bohemian, 1607–1677)","fecha":"1638","cultura":"Bohemia","tecnica":"etching","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Robert Hays Gries","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.600","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.600/1939.600_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"The Several Habits of English Women: The Woman with Flowers","se_ve":"A full-length woman stands slightly to the right of center against a plain, lightly speckled paper background. She is shown in three-quarter view, her face turned toward the viewer, with a calm expression, small lips, and her gaze directed slightly to one side. Her light, tightly curled hair frames her forehead and ears; she wears a dangling earring and a short pearl necklace. Her dress has a low, wide neckline trimmed with lace, a bow at the center of the chest, and a second strand of pearls. The sleeves are full and glossy up to the elbow, ending in wide lace cuffs. Her arms are crossed in front of her waist, and with both hands she holds a small, dark bouquet of flowers. The long satin skirt falls in heavy folds to the floor, covering her feet, with bright areas that suggest reflections on a smooth fabric. A narrow strip of floor with horizontal hatching grounds the figure. The image is an etching in black and gray on cream paper. In the lower left corner one can read “Hollar fecit” and a date; in the lower right is the number 8.","contexto":"Wenceslaus Hollar (1607–1677), a Bohemian artist, made this etching in the 17th century. It belongs to the series _The Several Habits of English Women, from the Nobility to the Country Women as they are in these times_, devoted to women's dress in England, from noblewomen to country women. This plate, titled _The Woman with Flowers_, is numbered 8. The Cleveland Museum of Art, which holds it, dates it to 1638 and records it as a gift of Robert Hays Gries. Such series were probably intended as visual records of fashion and social rank; the sitter's specific identity is not known.","como_mirarla":"Start with the sheen of the skirt and notice how, with no color, a few lines are enough to suggest satin. Then move up to the lace, the bow, and the pearls. The small bouquet and her crossed arms make a formal portrait feel quietly intimate.","dato_curioso":"Surprising for an image without color: the long vertical highlight down the skirt lets you almost guess the weight and shine of the satin, created only with fine parallel lines.","preguntas":["What does this dress tell us about the woman's social place, and what does it leave unsaid?","How can an artist suggest luxury fabrics and materials using only black lines?","Why record a society's clothing in a series organized by social rank?"]},"es":{"titulo":"The Several Habits of English Women: La mujer con flores","se_ve":"Una mujer de cuerpo entero ocupa el centro, ligeramente cargada a la derecha, sobre un fondo liso de papel apenas moteado. Está de tres cuartos, con el rostro vuelto hacia quien mira, expresión serena, labios pequeños y la vista dirigida un poco de lado. El cabello claro y muy rizado enmarca su frente y las orejas; lleva un arete colgante y un collar corto de perlas. Su vestido tiene escote bajo y abierto, ribeteado con encaje, un moño al centro del pecho y una segunda vuelta de perlas. Las mangas son amplias y brillantes hasta el codo, y terminan en puños anchos de encaje. Cruza los brazos frente a la cintura y sostiene con ambas manos un pequeño ramo oscuro de flores. La falda larga, de apariencia satinada, cae en pliegues pesados hasta el suelo y cubre los pies; sus zonas claras sugieren reflejos sobre una tela lisa. Una franja estrecha de suelo, rayada en horizontal, sostiene la figura. Es un grabado al aguafuerte en negro y gris sobre papel crema. Abajo, a la izquierda, se lee “Hollar fecit” y una fecha; a la derecha, el número 8.","contexto":"Wenceslaus Hollar (1607–1677), artista bohemio, realizó este grabado al aguafuerte en el siglo XVII. Forma parte de la serie _The Several Habits of English Women, from the Nobility to the Country Women as they are in these times_, dedicada a la vestimenta de las mujeres en Inglaterra, desde la nobleza hasta el campo. Esta estampa, titulada _The Woman with Flowers_ [La mujer con flores], lleva el número 8. El Cleveland Museum of Art, que la conserva, la fecha en 1638 y la registra como donación de Robert Hays Gries. Probablemente estas series servían como registro visual de la moda y la jerarquía social; no se conoce la identidad concreta de la modelo.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por el brillo de la falda y nota cómo, sin color, unas cuantas líneas bastan para sugerir satén. Sube luego al encaje, el moño y las perlas. El ramito de flores y los brazos cruzados vuelven íntimo un retrato tan formal.","dato_curioso":"Sorprende en una imagen sin color: la larga franja luminosa que recorre la falda permite casi adivinar el peso y el brillo del satén, creado solo con finas líneas paralelas.","preguntas":["¿Qué cuenta este vestido sobre el lugar social de la mujer y qué deja sin decir?","¿Cómo puede un artista sugerir telas y materiales de lujo usando solo líneas negras?","¿Para qué registrar la ropa de una sociedad en una serie ordenada por rangos sociales?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["etching","17th century","english fashion","full-length portrait","woman with flowers","lace","pearls","satin dress","social rank","intaglio print","quiet elegance"],"es":["grabado al aguafuerte","siglo xvii","moda inglesa","retrato de cuerpo entero","mujer con flores","encaje","perlas","vestido de satén","jerarquía social","grabado calcográfico","elegancia serena"]},"objetos":[],"colores":["#d9d1c1","#b7ac98","#8a8172","#5a5348","#2f2b24"],"animo":["elegante","serena","recatada"],"epoca":"1638","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on how Hollar used etching to suggest different textures on the mottled cream paper. The satin dress shines with light areas that mimic reflections, while the lace at the neckline and cuffs is rendered with extremely fine lines. The pearls at the neck and the short choker create points of light. Below you can see the inscription Hollar fecit with a date on the left and the number 8 on the right, over that hatched strip that supports the figure and closes the composition with serene elegance.","es":"Me detengo en cómo Hollar trabajó el aguafuerte para sugerir texturas distintas sobre el papel crema moteado. El vestido satinado brilla con zonas claras que imitan reflejos, mientras el encaje del escote y de los puños se resuelve con líneas finísimas. Las perlas del cuello y el collar corto dan puntos de luz. Abajo se distingue la inscripción Hollar fecit con fecha a la izquierda y el número 8 a la derecha, sobre esa franja rayada que sostiene la figura y cierra la composición con elegancia serena."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"That smooth and lightly speckled background reminds me of a pale sky without stars, which makes the figure stand out like a central constellation. The two strands of pearls at the neck shine like small moons and the hanging earring looks like an isolated sparkle. The dark bouquet she holds with both hands is a compact little universe against the light satin. Even the hatched strip of ground works as a minimal horizon that anchors the woman, slightly shifted to the right, in her own paper firmament.","es":"Ese fondo liso y apenas moteado me recuerda un cielo pálido sin estrellas, lo que hace que la figura resalte como una constelación central. Las dos vueltas de perlas en el cuello brillan como lunas pequeñas y el arete colgante parece un destello aislado. El ramo oscuro que sostiene con ambas manos es un pequeño universo compacto frente al satén claro. Incluso la franja rayada del suelo funciona como un horizonte mínimo que ancla a la mujer, ligeramente cargada a la derecha, en su propio firmamento de papel."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"The lady is standing in the middle and looking at me sideways with a calm face. Her hair is light and very curly and she wears a necklace of little white beads and another longer one with a bow on her chest. Her dress is long to the floor and shiny, with wide sleeves and very puffy lace cuffs. With both hands she holds a small dark bunch of flowers. Below there is something written in tiny letters and on the other side there is a number 8, like a collector card.","es":"La señora está parada en medio y me mira de ladito con cara tranquila. Su pelo es claro y con muchos rulos y trae un collar de bolitas blancas y otro más largo con un moño en el pecho. Su vestido es largo hasta el piso y brilla, con mangas anchas y puños de encaje muy esponjosos. Con las dos manos agarra un ramito de flores oscuro. Abajo dice algo en letras chiquitas y del otro lado hay un número 8, como si fuera una carta de colección."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What small dark object does the woman hold with both hands in front of her waist?","es":"¿Qué objeto pequeño y oscuro sostiene la mujer con ambas manos frente a la cintura?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the center of the figure, where her arms cross.","es":"Mira al centro de la figura, donde se cruzan sus brazos."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What number can be read at the bottom right of the print?","es":"¿Qué número se lee abajo a la derecha del grabado?"},"pista":{"en":"It is the print number within the series of English habits.","es":"Es el número de la estampa dentro de la serie de hábitos ingleses."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What shiny material does the long dress that falls to the floor appear to be made of?","es":"¿De qué material brillante parece estar hecho el vestido largo que cae hasta el suelo?"},"pista":{"en":"Notice the light reflections on the heavy folds of the skirt.","es":"Fíjate en los reflejos claros sobre los pliegues pesados de la falda."}}],"conexiones":["moda inglesa del siglo xvii","grabado al aguafuerte sobre papel crema","retrato de cuerpo entero","encaje y perlas como símbolos de estatus","jerarquía social y vestimenta","serie The Several Habits of English Women","poses serenas y mirada de tres cuartos","Wenceslaus Hollar"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}