{"id":"cma-124122","titulo":{"en":"Head Ornament with Human Face, Copan","es":"Ornamento para la cabeza con rostro humano, Copán"},"titulo_original":"Head Ornament","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"c. 600–900","cultura":"Honduras, Copan, Maya, 7th-10th Century","tecnica":"jade","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.119","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.119/1945.119_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Head Ornament with Human Face, Copan","se_ve":"At the center of the image, set against a smooth, gradient gray background, a small human face carved in jade is presented frontally in vertical format. The object dominates the frame and appears to float in isolation. Its surface is polished yet uneven, with variegated patterns in intense emerald green, whitish green, and touches of brownish and black mineral inclusions typical of natural stone. Direct lighting creates bright highlights on the forehead, nose and cheekbones, and deep shadows in the eye sockets. The face is broad, with a prominent nose slightly worn at the tip, almond-shaped recessed eyes and a slightly open mouth with thin lips. Across the forehead is what appears to be a headband or headdress with faint geometric incisions, barely legible due to wear. The upper edges are irregular and chipped, and there are small lateral perforations near the cheeks. The texture alternates between translucent and opaque areas, with cracks and mineral mottling that convey age and fragility. The scale suggests a small, portable object meant to be worn close to the body, intimate rather than monumental.","contexto":"According to data from the Cleveland Museum of Art, this is a jade Head Ornament attributed to the Maya culture, from Copan, Honduras, dated to about 600–900 CE, during the Late Classic period (7th to 10th century). The maker is unknown, as is common for such works. Jade held high symbolic value in Mesoamerica, linked to life, fertility and elite status, and was used for insignia and body adornment. No further information about its findspot or specific use is given in the source record, but objects of this type probably belonged to ceremonial attire.","como_mirarla":"Look first at the face as a whole and its mottled green color, then focus on the eyes and the headband to notice wear and fine incisions. Follow how light reveals translucent veins in the jade; that interplay between stone and face is where the piece comes alive.","dato_curioso":"In the Maya world, jade was valued more highly than gold: its hardness required hours of polishing with abrasives, and its green color was linked to water, maize and the vital breath.","preguntas":["What does it suggest to you that such a small face was made to adorn a person's head?","How does your perception change knowing this stone was worked without metal tools?","What feelings does the worn, imperfect jade evoke compared to the idea of a flawless jewel?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Ornamento para la cabeza con rostro humano, Copán","se_ve":"En el centro de la imagen, sobre un fondo gris neutro degradado, se presenta un pequeño rostro humano tallado en jade, visto de frente y en formato vertical. La pieza ocupa la mayor parte del encuadre y parece flotar aislada. Su superficie es pulida pero irregular, con vetas y moteados en tonos verde esmeralda intenso, verde blanquecino y toques marrones y negruzcos, propios de la piedra natural. La luz directa crea brillos en la frente, la nariz y los pómulos, y sombras profundas en las cuencas oculares. El rostro es ancho, de nariz prominente y algo desgastada en la punta, ojos almendrados tallados en hueco y boca entreabierta con labios delgados. Sobre la frente lleva lo que parece ser una diadema o tocado con incisiones geométricas sutiles, apenas legibles por el desgaste. Los bordes superiores están irregulares y astillados, y hay pequeñas perforaciones laterales a la altura de las mejillas. La textura combina zonas translúcidas y opacas, con grietas y manchas minerales que dan una sensación de antigüedad y fragilidad. La escala sugiere un objeto pequeño, portátil, hecho para ser llevado cerca del cuerpo.","contexto":"Según los datos del Cleveland Museum of Art, se trata de un ornamento para la cabeza (Head Ornament) de jade, atribuido a la cultura maya, procedente de Copán, Honduras, y datado aproximadamente entre 600 y 900 d.C., durante el Clásico Tardío (siglos VII a X). El autor es desconocido, como es habitual en estas obras. El jade era un material de alto valor simbólico en Mesoamérica, asociado a la vida, la fertilidad y el estatus de élite, y se usaba en insignias y adornos corporales. No se dispone de descripción adicional de la fuente sobre su hallazgo o uso específico, pero este tipo de piezas probablemente formaba parte del atavío ceremonial.","como_mirarla":"Observa primero el conjunto del rostro y su color moteado, luego acércate a los ojos y al tocado para notar el desgaste y las incisiones. Fíjate en cómo la luz revela las vetas translúcidas del jade; ese juego entre piedra y rostro es donde la pieza cobra presencia.","dato_curioso":"En el mundo maya, el jade era más valorado que el oro: su dureza exigía horas de pulido con abrasivos y su color verde se asociaba al agua, al maíz y al aliento vital.","preguntas":["¿Qué te sugiere que un rostro tan pequeño fuera destinado a adornar la cabeza de una persona?","¿Cómo cambia tu percepción al saber que esta piedra fue trabajada sin herramientas metálicas?","¿Qué sensaciones te provoca la imperfección y el desgaste del jade frente a la idea de joya perfecta?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["jade","maya","copan","mesoamerica","ornament","face","late classic","polished stone","art of the americas","symbolic","green","antiquity"],"es":["jade","maya","copán","mesoamérica","ornamento","rostro","clásico tardío","piedra pulida","arte de las américas","simbólico","verde","antigüedad"]},"objetos":["rostro humano tallado","ornamento de jade","tocado o diadema con incisiones"],"colores":["#0B8C4A","#C8E0D0","#2F3F3A","#5A6D6E","#0F4D2A"],"animo":["solemne","contemplativo","venerable"],"epoca":"c. 600–900 d.C., Clásico Tardío maya","certeza":"media","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on how jade ages. I see a polished yet irregular surface, with veining and mottling in emerald green, plus brownish and blackish touches, and zones that are translucent and opaque. I notice highlights on the forehead and cheekbones and deep shadows in the eye sockets, plus cracks, mineral stains and chipped upper edges. Everything points to natural wear. With side perforations at cheek level, I imagine how it was fastened to the body and how much care its fragility needs today.","es":"Me detengo en cómo envejece el jade. Veo una superficie pulida pero irregular, con vetas y moteados en verde esmeralda, toques marrones y negruzcos, y zonas translúcidas y opacas. Me llaman la atención los brillos en frente y pómulos y las sombras en las cuencas, así como las grietas, manchas minerales y bordes superiores astillados. Todo indica desgaste natural. Con perforaciones laterales a la altura de las mejillas, imagino cómo se sujetaba al cuerpo y cuánto cuidado necesita hoy su fragilidad."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"Seeing this face isolated against a gray background makes me think about scale and distance. It is a small, portable object, meant to be worn close to the body, but it fills almost the whole frame and seems to float. That reminds me of observing something tiny at high magnification. The green and whitish tones, the prominent nose and the hollow almond eyes make me think about how direct light reveals relief. I wonder how this jade would shine under the Copán sun between the 7th and 10th centuries.","es":"Al ver este rostro aislado sobre fondo gris pienso en escala y distancia. Es un objeto pequeño, portátil, pensado para llevarse cerca del cuerpo, pero ocupa casi todo el encuadre y parece flotar. Eso me recuerda a observar algo diminuto con gran aumento. Los tonos verdes y blanquecinos, la nariz prominente y los ojos almendrados en hueco me hacen pensar en cómo la luz directa revela relieve. Me pregunto cómo brillaría este jade bajo el sol de Copán entre los siglos VII y X."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a little stone face staring at me. It has eyes like two small hollows, a big nose and a slightly open mouth. It is all green with whitish and brownish spots, like a very old candy. On top it has a headband with little lines and on the sides two tiny holes to tie it. I imagine someone wore it on the head like a special hat. It looks tiny, shiny and a bit broken at the edges, like a very very old toy.","es":"Parece una carita de piedra que me está mirando. Tiene ojos como dos huequitos, nariz grandota y boquita entreabierta. Es toda verde con manchitas blancas y cafecitas, como si fuera un caramelo antiguo. Arriba tiene una diadema con rayitas y a los lados dos hoyitos para amarrarla. Me imagino que alguien la llevaba en la cabeza como un sombrero especial. Se ve chiquita, brillosa y un poco rota en los bordes, como juguete muy muy viejo."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What shiny green material forms the little face and was highly valued by the Maya?","es":"¿Qué material verde y brillante forma la carita y era muy valioso para los mayas?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a green stone associated with life and elite status, polished and with natural veining.","es":"Es una piedra verde asociada a la vida y al estatus de élite, pulida y con vetas naturales."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What detail with geometric incisions can be seen on the forehead of the face?","es":"¿Qué detalle con incisiones geométricas se distingue sobre la frente del rostro?"},"pista":{"en":"It looks like a band around the upper part of the head, barely legible due to wear.","es":"Parece una banda que rodea la parte superior de la cabeza, apenas legible por el desgaste."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"In greens and light tones, what is the main color of the piece seen from the front?","es":"En tonos verdes y claros, ¿de qué color es principalmente la pieza vista de frente?"},"pista":{"en":"Think of the intense green of the polished stone that shines on the forehead and cheekbones.","es":"Piensa en el verde intenso de la piedra pulida que brilla en frente y pómulos."}}],"conexiones":["jade en Mesoamérica","Copán y mundo maya","ornamentos corporales de élite","Clásico Tardío siglos VII a X","rostro humano en piedra pulida","valor simbólico vida y fertilidad","técnica de perforación y pulido"]},"salas":["todo-lo-verde"],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}