{"id":"cma-124124","titulo":{"en":"Head Ornament","es":"Adorno para la cabeza"},"titulo_original":"Head Ornament","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"c. 600–900","cultura":"Mexico, Chichén Itzá, Maya, 7th-10th Century","tecnica":"jade","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.120","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.120/1945.120_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Head Ornament","se_ve":"Centered against a smooth background that shifts from charcoal gray at the top to light gray below, a small carved head appears suspended, with no body, base, or visible support. It is an elongated, oval face tapering to a rounded, pointed chin, seen frontally and lit from above, which creates bright reflections on the forehead, nose, and upper hair. The material is a deep green polished stone, mottled with darker emerald areas, paler milky veins, and small beige and brown patches, especially on the forehead, cheeks, between the eyebrows, and at the chin. Its surface looks smooth and glossy, almost wet, though fine wear, shallow pits, and a few chips interrupt it, notably along the line where the forehead meets the hair. The upper third is occupied by thick vertical strands or bands, separated by deep grooves; in the center a raised form resembles an inverted U. A firm horizontal incision separates this hair or headdress from the broad, flat forehead. Below it, the eyes are closed or downcast, rendered as low reliefs with horizontal slits. The nose is straight, broad, and prominent. The mouth is small, with closed lips marked by a dark line and a slight protrusion of the lower lip. At the sides, the ears are barely suggested among shadows and irregularities.","contexto":"According to the source, this is a head ornament made of jade, attributed to the Maya culture of Chichén Itzá, Mexico, and dated to around 600–900, between the 7th and 10th centuries. Its author is unknown, and the source gives no information about who wore it, where exactly it was found, or how it was attached. In the Maya world, green jade was a highly prized material, associated with life, water, and maize, and was often worked into ornaments for people of high status. It is now in the Department of Art of the Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.","como_mirarla":"First look at the face as a whole and its downward gaze, then move up to the deep grooves of the hair or headdress. Pause at the small chips on the forehead and chin: they break the polish and make its age and handling tangible.","dato_curioso":"The small face appears to sleep, but the eyes are not fully modeled: they are shallow hollows with a lowered lid line, an economy of carving that gives the expression its calm.","preguntas":["Does the face convey sleep, death, meditation, or simply an idealized calm, and what in the carving leads you to that reading?","How does the meaning of a tiny, wearable head change when it is displayed isolated against a neutral background?","What can the contrast between the high polish and the small areas of damage tell us about the object's life?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Adorno para la cabeza","se_ve":"En el centro de un fondo liso que pasa del gris carbón en la parte superior al gris claro abajo, aparece suspendida una pequeña cabeza tallada, sin cuerpo, base ni soporte visible. Es un rostro ovalado y alargado que se estrecha hacia una barbilla redondeada y en punta, visto de frente y con luz desde arriba, lo que produce brillos intensos en la frente, la nariz y la parte alta del cabello. El material es piedra pulida de un verde profundo, veteado con zonas esmeralda más oscuras, vetas lechosas más claras y pequeñas manchas beige y cafés, sobre todo en la frente, las mejillas, el entrecejo y la barbilla. La superficie se ve lisa y brillante, casi húmeda, aunque la interrumpen desgastes finos, hoyuelos y algunas muescas, notables en la línea donde la frente se une con el cabello. El tercio superior lo ocupan mechones o bandas verticales y gruesas, separadas por surcos profundos; al centro, una forma elevada recuerda una U invertida. Una incisión horizontal firme separa ese cabello o tocado de la frente amplia y plana. Debajo, los ojos están cerrados o entornados hacia abajo, como relieves bajos con ranuras horizontales. La nariz es recta, ancha y prominente. La boca es pequeña, de labios cerrados marcados por una línea oscura y un leve abultamiento del labio inferior. A los lados, las orejas apenas se insinúan entre sombras e irregularidades.","contexto":"Según la fuente, es un adorno para la cabeza, tallado en jade, atribuido a la cultura maya de Chichén Itzá, México, y fechado hacia 600–900, entre los siglos VII y X. Su autor es desconocido y no se sabe quién lo portó, dónde fue hallado exactamente ni cómo se sujetaba. En el mundo maya, el jade verde fue un material muy valorado, asociado con la vida, el agua y el maíz, y se trabajaba con frecuencia en ornamentos para personas de alto rango. Hoy pertenece al Departamento de Arte de las Américas del Cleveland Museum of Art.","como_mirarla":"Mira primero el rostro completo y su mirada baja; después sube a los surcos profundos del cabello o tocado. Detente en las pequeñas pérdidas de la frente y la barbilla: rompen el pulido y vuelven tangible su antigüedad y su paso por muchas manos.","dato_curioso":"El rostro diminuto parece dormir, pero los ojos no están modelados por completo: son huecos someros con la línea del párpado baja, una economía de talla que produce su serenidad.","preguntas":["¿El rostro transmite sueño, muerte, meditación o una serenidad idealizada, y qué elementos de la talla te llevan a esa lectura?","¿Cómo cambia el sentido de una cabeza pequeña, hecha para llevarse puesta, cuando se exhibe aislada sobre un fondo neutro?","¿Qué puede contar el contraste entre el pulido intenso y las pequeñas zonas dañadas sobre la vida del objeto?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["maya","jade","carving","head ornament","human face","chichén itzá","7th-10th century","closed eyes","polished stone","serenity","ancestral portrait","personal ornament"],"es":["maya","jade","talla en piedra","adorno para la cabeza","rostro humano","chichén itzá","siglos vii-x","ojos cerrados","piedra pulida","serenidad","retrato ancestral","ornamento personal"]},"objetos":["cabeza tallada","cabello o tocado con surcos","rostro de frente","fondo gris degradado"],"colores":["#0b3d2b","#12734c","#1f9d63","#6f8f7d","#4a4a4a"],"animo":["sereno","antiguo","íntimo"],"epoca":"c. 600–900","certeza":"media","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on the surface of this jade head. I see the deep green with darker veins and lighter spots, and that almost damp shine of polished stone. I am drawn to the fine wear and small notches where the forehead meets the hair, traces of time and carving. I wonder how they achieved such polish without metal tools, and how this ornament was fastened when it has no visible base or support.","es":"Me detengo en la superficie de esta cabeza de jade. Veo el verde profundo con vetas oscuras y manchas claras, y ese brillo casi húmedo de la piedra pulida. Me atraen los desgastes finos y las muescas donde la frente se une al cabello, huellas del tiempo y del tallado. Me pregunto cómo lograron ese pulido sin herramientas metálicas, y cómo se sujetaba este adorno si no tiene base ni soporte visible."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"When I look at this oval and elongated face, I think of the sky over Chichén Itzá between the seventh and tenth centuries. The half-closed eyes and serenity remind me of someone looking inward, like when we watch stars. The headdress with vertical grooves and the inverted U shape makes me imagine constellations or cycles. The jade, linked to life and water, makes me think of a green and luminous universe.","es":"Cuando miro este rostro ovalado y alargado, pienso en el cielo sobre Chichén Itzá entre los siglos VII y X. Los ojos entornados y la serenidad me recuerdan a alguien que observa hacia adentro, como cuando miramos estrellas. El tocado con surcos verticales y la forma en U invertida me hace imaginar constelaciones o ciclos. El jade, asociado con la vida y el agua, me hace pensar en un universo verde y luminoso."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a little head floating in the air against a gray background. Its eyes are closed as if it were asleep or dreaming, and its mouth is very tiny. Its hair has thick little lines and looks like a helmet. It shines a lot on the forehead and nose, as if sunlight were hitting it from above. I like its green color with beige and brown little spots. I wonder if it belonged to a king or a queen.","es":"Parece una cabecita flotando en el aire sobre un fondo gris. Tiene los ojos cerrados como si estuviera dormida o soñando, y la boca muy chiquita. Su pelo tiene rayitas gruesas y parece un casco. Brilla mucho en la frente y la nariz, como si le diera el sol desde arriba. Me gusta su color verde con manchitas beige y cafés. Me pregunto si era de un rey o de una reina."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What polished green material is this oval face carved from?","es":"¿De qué material verde y pulido está tallado este rostro ovalado?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a stone highly valued by the Maya, linked to life and maize.","es":"Es una piedra muy valorada por los mayas, asociada con la vida y el maíz."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"How do the eyes of the small head look?","es":"¿Cómo se ven los ojos de la pequeña cabeza?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the horizontal slits below the broad forehead.","es":"Mira las ranuras horizontales debajo de la frente amplia."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What adornment has deep vertical grooves on the upper third of the head?","es":"¿Qué adorno tiene surcos verticales profundos en el tercio superior de la cabeza?"},"pista":{"en":"It is separated from the forehead by a firm horizontal incision.","es":"Está separado de la frente por una incisión horizontal firme."}}],"conexiones":["jade y piedra verde","rostro humano y retrato","ornamento personal y rango","Chichén Itzá y mundo maya","serenidad y ojos cerrados","talla en piedra y pulido","siglos VII a X","tocado y cabello con surcos"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}