{"id":"cma-125947","titulo":{"en":"Animal-Headed Figure Pendant, Diquís Region","es":"Colgante de figura con cabeza de animal, región de Diquís"},"titulo_original":"Animal-Headed Figure Pendant","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"c. 1000–1550","cultura":"Costa Rica, Diquís region, 11th-16th century","tecnica":"cast gold","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.18","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.18/1948.18_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Animal-Headed Figure Pendant, Diquís Region","se_ve":"Set against a gradient background from black to light gray, a cast gold pendant appears in frontal view, roughly rectangular with two broad, slightly curved horizontal bars at top and bottom framing an openwork center. The gold has a warm, uneven luster, matte in some areas and brighter on raised edges, with visible cracks and surface wear on the upper and lower plates attesting to age. At the center stands a stout anthropomorphic figure with an elongated animal head, broad snout, bulging eyes and two small horn-like projections, short bent arms and thick legs ending in wide feet with distinct toes. The figure is flanked by two stylized lateral creatures with elongated bodies and curled tails, connected by a complex symmetrical lattice of spirals, braided rods and geometric openwork. Light catches the three-dimensional head projecting forward, granular textures on the feet, and delicate scrolls along the sides, while shadows emphasize depth and the layered construction of the ornament.","contexto":"This is a cast gold pendant attributed to the Diquís region of Costa Rica, dated to c. 1000–1550 CE, per the Cleveland Museum of Art records. The maker is unknown. Source notes describe a group of pendants including a crustacean, an animal-headed figure and bird pendants once called 'eagles' by Christopher Columbus, though modern researchers remain uncertain about species identification. The work belongs to the Art of the Americas collection and exemplifies late pre-Columbian goldworking traditions of southern Central America, where such ornaments signaled status and were worn on the chest.","como_mirarla":"Start with the overall rectangular frame formed by the two horizontal bars, then focus on the central head with its projecting snout and bulging eyes. Follow the surrounding openwork spirals and notice the side animals flanking the figure, a detail that shifts the reading from human to hybrid.","dato_curioso":"Diquís goldsmiths used the lost-wax casting technique to create intricate openwork and fully three-dimensional figures in a single pour, achieving fine spirals and braided details without modern soldering.","preguntas":["What might the blend of human and animal traits have conveyed to its wearer?","How does knowing it was worn as a chest ornament change its scale and meaning?","What connection do you see between gold's shine and social power?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Colgante de figura con cabeza de animal, región de Diquís","se_ve":"Sobre un fondo degradado de negro a gris claro se recorta un colgante de oro de forma aproximadamente rectangular y bordes ligeramente curvos, con dos placas horizontales arriba y abajo que enmarcan una figura central calada. La pieza brilla con un dorado cálido, mate en unas zonas y pulido en otras, con fisuras visibles en las láminas superior e inferior y una pátina irregular que revela su antigüedad. En el centro, una figura antropomorfa de pie, con cabeza alargada de hocico ancho, ojos saltones y dos pequeñas protuberancias como cuernos o antenas, brazos cortos doblados y piernas gruesas con pies anchos de dedos marcados. La figura parece sostener o estar flanqueada por dos animales laterales estilizados, de cuerpos alargados y colas enroscadas. A su alrededor se despliega una filigrana simétrica: espirales, barras trenzadas y motivos geométricos calados que crean una red ornamental densa. La luz resalta relieves, texturas granuladas y el volumen tridimensional de la cabeza que sobresale del plano.","contexto":"La ficha corresponde a un colgante de oro fundido (cast gold) atribuido a la región de Diquís, en Costa Rica, fechado entre c. 1000 y 1550 d.C., dentro de la tradición metalúrgica del Área Intermedia. No se conoce el autor. La descripción de la fuente del Cleveland Museum of Art menciona que en este conjunto de colgantes hay figuras con cabeza de animal, crustáceos y aves llamadas por Colón 'águilas', aunque la especie exacta es incierta. La pieza forma parte del departamento de Arte de las Américas y destaca por su orfebrería elaborada, típica de los cacicazgos tardíos del sur de Costa Rica y Panamá.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por la silueta rectangular y las dos barras horizontales que enmarcan la escena, luego centra la mirada en la cabeza del personaje y su hocico prominente. Observa después la filigrana de espirales y los animales que flanquean la figura, detalle que revela su carácter híbrido entre humano y animal.","dato_curioso":"La orfebrería de Diquís empleaba la técnica de cera perdida para lograr calados tan finos y figuras tridimensionales en una sola pieza de oro, sin soldaduras modernas.","preguntas":["¿Qué te sugiere que la figura combine rasgos humanos y animales?","¿Cómo cambia tu percepción al saber que era un adorno para colgar en el pecho?","¿Qué relación imaginas entre el brillo del oro y el poder de quien lo portaba?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["goldwork","gold","diquis","costa rica","pendant","hybrid figure","zoomorphic","lost-wax","openwork","pre-columbian","body ornament","symmetry","spiral","anthropomorphic"],"es":["orfebrería","oro","diquís","costa rica","colgante","figura híbrida","zoomorfo","cera perdida","calado","precolombino","adorno corporal","simetría","espiral","antropomorfo"]},"objetos":["colgante de oro","figura antropomorfa con cabeza de animal","placas horizontales","filigrana calada","animales laterales estilizados"],"colores":["#C9A86A","#B8944D","#8C6B2F","#2B2B2B","#E8D9B8"],"animo":["majestuoso","misterioso","sagrado"],"epoca":"c. 1000–1550 d.C.","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"From the conservation lab I first notice the metal: that warm gold between #C9A86A and #B8944D, matte where patina has built up and polished on the raised reliefs. I pause at the cracks on the upper and lower plates, marks of time on the cast gold. I study the openwork, so fine that light passes through it, and the head that projects with real volume, not flat. It is lost-wax work of astonishing precision for being made between 1000 and 1550 CE, where every spiral and braided bar supports the structure.","es":"Desde el taller veo primero el metal: ese dorado cálido entre #C9A86A y #B8944D, mate donde la pátina se ha acumulado y brillante en los relieves pulidos. Me detienen las fisuras en las placas superior e inferior, huellas del tiempo sobre el oro fundido. Observo el calado, tan fino que la luz lo atraviesa, y la cabeza que sobresale con volumen real, no plana. Es un trabajo de cera perdida de una precisión asombrosa para ser de entre 1000 y 1550 d.C., donde cada espiral y barra trenzada sostiene la estructura."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"To me this rectangular plaque is like a small, ordered cosmos. The perfect symmetry, with the central figure like a sun and the filigree of spirals orbiting around it, reminds me of a star chart. The hybrid figure, with that elongated head and bulging eyes staring straight ahead, looks like a guardian at the center of the universe. I imagine the wearer with it hanging on the chest, shining under the Diquís sun like a portable constellation that told stories of animals and humans united.","es":"Para mí esta placa rectangular es como un pequeño cosmos ordenado. La simetría perfecta, con la figura central como si fuera un sol y la filigrana de espirales orbitando a su alrededor, me recuerda a una carta celeste. La figura híbrida, con esa cabeza alargada y ojos saltones que miran de frente, parece un guardián del centro del universo. Me imagino a quien lo llevó colgado al pecho, brillando bajo el sol de Diquís como una constelación portátil que contaba historias de animales y humanos unidos."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a golden jaguar robot! It has a big snout head, little horns and bulgy eyes staring at me so seriously. In the middle it stands with its thick little legs and marked toes, and on the sides it has two little animals with curly tails like little monkeys. Everything is full of shiny swirls and little grids that let light through. I like that it shines a lot but also looks very old, with little broken lines on the top and bottom. If I wore it, I would be a powerful guardian too!","es":"¡Parece un robot jaguar de oro! Tiene cabeza con hocico grande, cuernitos y ojos saltones que me miran muy serio. En medio está paradito con sus piernotas y deditos marcados, y a los lados tiene dos animalitos con colas enroscadas como changuitos. Todo está lleno de rulitos y rejitas brillantes que dejan pasar la luz. Me gusta que brilla mucho pero también se ve viejito, con unas rayitas rotas arriba y abajo. ¡Si me lo colgara, yo también sería una guardiana poderosa!"}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"Look at the top and bottom sheets framing the figure: how many horizontal plates make up that frame?","es":"Busca la lámina de arriba y la de abajo que enmarcan la figura: ¿cuántas placas horizontales forman ese marco?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the upper and lower edges of the rectangular pendant, they are two golden strips closing it.","es":"Mira el borde superior y el inferior del colgante rectangular, son dos franjas doradas que lo cierran."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"In the center a standing figure with a snout and bulgy eyes stands out: how many anthropomorphic figures with an animal head are there in total?","es":"En el centro destaca una figura de pie con hocico y ojos saltones: ¿cuántas figuras antropomorfas con cabeza de animal hay en total?"},"pista":{"en":"Find the silhouette with thick legs and an elongated head at the heart of the openwork, it is unique and right in the middle.","es":"Busca silueta con piernas gruesas y cabeza alargada en el corazón del calado, es única y está en el medio."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"Look at the gradient background behind the gold: what range of grays makes it up, from black to light?","es":"Observa el fondo degradado detrás del oro: ¿qué gama de grises lo compone, del negro al claro?"},"pista":{"en":"Behind the golden shine there is a backdrop that goes from the darkest almost-black tone to a very light gray.","es":"Detrás del brillo dorado hay un fondo que va del tono más oscuro casi negro a un gris muy clarito."}}],"conexiones":["orfebrería precolombina","oro fundido a la cera perdida","arte del Área Intermedia","figura híbrida antropomorfo zoomorfo","adorno corporal y colgante","simetría y filigrana calada","animales estilizados acompañantes","tradición metalúrgica de Diquís"]},"salas":["oro-luz-y-brillo"],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}