{"id":"cma-127234","titulo":{"en":"Portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey — Henry Bone, 1794","es":"Retrato del general Sir Charles Grey, después primer conde Grey — Henry Bone, 1794"},"titulo_original":"Portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey","autor":"Henry Bone (British, 1755–1834)","fecha":"1794","cultura":"England, 18th century","tecnica":"enamel in a gilt metal frame","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.550","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.550/1949.550_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey — Henry Bone, 1794","se_ve":"An oval portrait miniature, photographed against a plain light-gray ground, fills almost the entire image. At the top, a small gilt ring for hanging rises from the dark, narrow metal frame that encloses the portrait. Inside, shown bust-length against a nearly black, softly smoky background, is an older man turned three-quarters to his right, his face in soft light. His powdered hair is white-gray, thin and receding at the forehead, wavy at the sides and falling lightly over his ears. His skin is pale with pink on the cheeks and nose; his eyebrows are thin, his eyes look off to the side, and his mouth is closed in a restrained, slightly weary expression. He wears a bright red military coat with a high black collar and lapels, round gilt buttons, and gold epaulettes with fine hanging fringe on both shoulders. On his left chest a large silver star-shaped order surrounds a small colored medallion. At his neck, a white stock and ruffled cravat soften the severity of the uniform. The surface looks smooth and luminous, with especially delicate transitions on the face. At mid-height on the right, the painter's signature is barely visible in the shadow.","contexto":"According to the Cleveland Museum of Art, this 1794 portrait miniature by Henry Bone (1755–1834) depicts General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey, and is based on a portrait by his contemporary Thomas Lawrence. It is enamel in a gilt metal frame. Unlike watercolor miniatures on ivory or vellum, which can crack and fade, enamel resists light and keeps its colors. Its making required firing successive layers of colored metal oxides at different temperatures. Bone, a leading figure in the late 18th-century revival of enamel portraiture, used overglazes on faces to retain luminosity while achieving fine, naturalistic detail.","como_mirarla":"Start with the gaze, directed off to the side rather than at the viewer, and then move down to the star on the chest, which pulls your attention back to his rank. Look closely at the right edge, where the signature almost disappears into the shadow, and compare the softness of the skin with the hard shine of the buttons and medal.","dato_curioso":"Enamel is essentially colored glass fused by fire to a metal support, which is why a portrait from 1794 can still look as saturated today as the day it cooled.","preguntas":["What does this portrait communicate more strongly: the man's personality or his military rank, and what visual evidence supports that?","How does reducing a formal portrait to miniature scale change the feeling of closeness we have to the sitter?","Why might someone in the 18th century choose durable enamel over watercolor on ivory for keeping a portrait?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Retrato del general Sir Charles Grey, después primer conde Grey — Henry Bone, 1794","se_ve":"Una miniatura ovalada, fotografiada sobre un fondo liso gris claro, ocupa casi toda la imagen. Arriba sobresale una pequeña argolla dorada para colgarla, unida al marco metálico oscuro y estrecho que rodea el retrato. Dentro, de busto y sobre un fondo casi negro, ligeramente ahumado, aparece un hombre mayor girado en tres cuartos hacia su derecha, con el rostro iluminado con suavidad. Su cabello empolvado es blanco grisáceo, ralo y con entradas en la frente, ondulado a los lados y cayendo apenas sobre las orejas. La piel es pálida, con rubor rosado en mejillas y nariz; las cejas son finas, los ojos miran hacia un lado y la boca permanece cerrada en un gesto contenido, algo cansado. Viste una casaca militar rojo intenso con cuello alto y solapas negras, botones redondos dorados y charreteras de oro con flecos finos y colgantes en ambos hombros. Sobre el pecho izquierdo luce una gran insignia plateada en forma de estrella, con un medallón central de colores. En el cuello, una corbata blanca de lazada y volantes suaviza la severidad del uniforme. La superficie se ve lisa y luminosa, con transiciones muy delicadas en la cara. A media altura, a la derecha, la firma del pintor se distingue apenas entre la sombra.","contexto":"Según el Cleveland Museum of Art, esta miniatura de 1794, obra de Henry Bone (1755–1834), retrata al general Sir Charles Grey, después primer conde Grey, a partir de un retrato de su contemporáneo Thomas Lawrence. Es esmalte en un marco de metal dorado. A diferencia de las miniaturas en acuarela sobre marfil o vitela, que pueden agrietarse y perder color, el esmalte resiste la luz y conserva sus tonos. Su elaboración exigía cocer sucesivas capas de óxidos metálicos de colores a distintas temperaturas. Bone, figura central del resurgimiento del retrato en esmalte a finales del siglo XVIII, usaba veladuras finales en los rostros para mantener la luminosidad y lograr detalles finos y naturalistas.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por la mirada, dirigida hacia un lado y no hacia ti, y baja después hasta la estrella del pecho, que devuelve la atención a su rango. Busca a la derecha, casi borrada en la sombra, la firma del pintor, y compara la suavidad de la piel con el brillo duro de los botones y la medalla.","dato_curioso":"El esmalte es, en esencia, vidrio coloreado fundido con fuego sobre un soporte metálico; por eso un retrato de 1794 puede verse hoy tan saturado como el día en que se enfrió.","preguntas":["¿Qué comunica con más fuerza este retrato: la personalidad del hombre o su rango militar? ¿Qué señales visuales lo sostienen?","¿Cómo cambia la sensación de cercanía con el retratado cuando un retrato formal se reduce al tamaño de una miniatura?","¿Por qué alguien del siglo XVIII podría preferir el esmalte duradero frente a la acuarela sobre marfil para conservar un retrato?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["portrait","portrait miniature","enamel","18th century","england","military uniform","red coat","medal","epaulettes","older man","gilt frame","solemnity"],"es":["retrato","miniatura","esmalte","siglo xviii","inglaterra","uniforme militar","casaca roja","medalla","charreteras","hombre mayor","marco dorado","solemnidad"]},"objetos":["miniatura ovalada","marco de metal dorado","argolla para colgar","casaca militar roja","charreteras doradas","botones dorados","insignia en forma de estrella","corbata blanca"],"colores":["#a51f24","#1f1b19","#e9cdb7","#f1ece2","#c2a15a","#d8d8d5"],"animo":["solemne, sereno y distinguido"],"epoca":"1794, siglo XVIII","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on what this oval miniature tells me as an object. It is enamel in a gilt metal frame with its hanging loop, not watercolor on ivory or vellum. That is why it does not crack or fade in light and keeps those intense reds of the coat and the pinkish glow of the face. I picture Henry Bone in 1794 firing layers of oxides at different temperatures and applying final glazes to achieve that luminous skin and such soft transitions against an almost black background.","es":"Me detengo en lo que esta miniatura ovalada me cuenta como objeto. Es esmalte en marco de metal dorado con su argolla para colgar, no acuarela sobre marfil o vitela. Por eso no se agrieta ni pierde color con la luz y conserva esos rojos intensos de la casaca y el brillo rosado del rostro. Imagino a Henry Bone en 1794 cociendo capas de óxidos a distintas temperaturas y aplicando veladuras finales para lograr esa piel luminosa y transiciones tan suaves sobre un fondo casi negro."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"What I see is a night sky in miniature. The almost black, smoky background makes the softly lit face and the intense red coat stand out like a star. On the chest a large silver star-shaped insignia with a colored medallion shines, and on the shoulders the gold epaulettes look like glints of light. The narrow dark frame with its small gold loop on top is like the rim of a telescope that frames and focuses the light on this older man with white hair.","es":"Lo que veo es un cielo nocturno en pequeño. El fondo casi negro y ahumado hace que el rostro iluminado y la casaca rojo intenso resalten como una estrella. Sobre el pecho brilla una gran insignia plateada en forma de estrella con medallón de colores, y en los hombros las charreteras doradas parecen destellos. El marco oscuro y estrecho con su argolla dorada arriba es como el aro de un telescopio que encuadra y concentra la luz en este hombre mayor de cabello blanco."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"This older gentleman looks tired but very fancy, as if he is trying not to move while posing. He has fluffy white hair on the sides and pink little blush on his nose and cheeks. His jacket is a very strong red with shiny gold buttons and on his shoulders he has epaulettes with little gold fringes. On his chest he wears a big silver star and around his neck a white tie with ruffles. Everything is inside an oval with a dark frame and a tiny gold loop on top for hanging.","es":"Este señor mayor parece cansado pero muy elegante, como si estuviera posando sin moverse mucho. Tiene el pelo blanco y esponjado a los lados y chapitas rosas en la nariz y las mejillas. Su saco es rojo muy fuerte con botones dorados brillantes y en los hombros tiene charreteras con flequitos de oro. En el pecho lleva una estrella plateada grande y en el cuello una corbata blanca con volantes. Todo está dentro de un óvalo con marco oscuro y una argollita dorada arriba para colgarlo."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What very striking color is the sitter's military coat?","es":"¿De qué color muy llamativo es la casaca militar del retratado?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the main garment of the bust, with high collar and gold epaulettes.","es":"Mira la prenda principal del busto, con cuello alto y charreteras doradas."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"How many gold fringed epaulettes are visible on his shoulders?","es":"¿Cuántas charreteras doradas con flecos se ven en sus hombros?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at both sides of the red uniform, at shoulder height.","es":"Observa ambos lados del uniforme rojo, a la altura de los hombros."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What shape is the large silver insignia on his left chest?","es":"¿Qué forma tiene la gran insignia plateada sobre su pecho izquierdo?"},"pista":{"en":"It is silver, large, and has a colored medallion in the center.","es":"Es plateada, grande y con un medallón de colores en el centro."}}],"conexiones":["retrato en miniatura","esmalte sobre metal","uniforme rojo británico","insignias y condecoraciones","marcos y soportes para colgar","luz y conservación del color","retrato de busto en tres cuartos","moda masculina del siglo XVIII"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}