{"id":"cma-140146","titulo":{"en":"Leaf from a Psalter with Historiated Initial (B): King David","es":"Hoja de un salterio con inicial historiada (B): el rey David"},"titulo_original":"Leaf from a Psalter with Historiated Initial (B): King David","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"c. 1450","cultura":"Italy, Florence","tecnica":"ink, tempera, and gold on parchment","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.149","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.149/1964.149_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Leaf from a Psalter with Historiated Initial (B): King David","se_ve":"A vertical parchment page, cream-colored and slightly aged at the edges, is filled almost to the margins with ornament. At its center stands an enormous initial B in deep, speckled blue, outlined in gold and pink. Inside its two rounded lobes is a small landscape: King David, an older bearded man wearing a crown and long robes in blue, pink, and red, kneels on green grass with his hands joined in prayer. A plucked stringed instrument rests forgotten on the ground beside him. Behind him rise a white crenellated building with red roofs and, beyond it, brown rocky hills, sparse trees, and a dark blue sky. In the upper right, God appears from a pinkish cloud, haloed and gesturing toward David. Around the B, gold leaf catches the light. Above it, the word PSALMUS is written in gold; decorated letters continue down the right side and across the bottom, framed in pink, blue, and gold. Small haloed figures occupy round medallions at the top and rectangular panels below. The whole border erupts with curling acanthus leaves in green, orange, pink, and blue, dotted with tiny gold leaves, flowers, and colored specks scattered across the parchment.","contexto":"This is a leaf from a psalter made around 1450 in Florence, Italy, by an unknown artist, using ink, tempera, and gold on parchment. According to the Cleveland Museum of Art, where it is held, the page opens Psalm 1. Psalters contained the biblical Psalms for church use, often together with calendars and prayers; over time, lay demand for more personal prayer books helped give rise to books of hours. The historiated initial — a decorated letter containing a narrative scene — shows King David, traditionally associated with the Psalms. The original book's full history is not known from the available source.","como_mirarla":"Start with the enormous blue B and follow its curve until you find David kneeling inside it. Then read outward: the letters down the right side and across the bottom complete his story, while the gold pulls your eye toward God appearing above him. Finally, let the border slow you down; tiny faces and figures keep surfacing among the leaves.","dato_curioso":"The opening words are built into the decoration itself: the large B holds David's scene, while the ornate letters running down the right edge and along the bottom help spell out Beatus vir, 'Blessed is the man.'","preguntas":["How does trapping a whole landscape and a sacred encounter inside a single letter change the act of reading?","What does the contrast between David's abandoned instrument and his folded hands suggest about the moment being shown?","Who might have used a book this richly decorated, and how would owning just one surviving leaf change its meaning today?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Hoja de un salterio con inicial historiada (B): el rey David","se_ve":"Una página vertical de pergamino, color crema y ligeramente oscurecida en los bordes, está cubierta de ornamento casi hasta los márgenes. Al centro se impone una enorme inicial B de un azul profundo y moteado, perfilada en oro y rosa. Dentro de sus dos curvas se abre un pequeño paisaje: el rey David, un anciano barbado con corona y largas ropas azules, rosas y rojas, está arrodillado sobre hierba verde, con las manos juntas en oración. A su lado, olvidado en el suelo, descansa un instrumento de cuerda pulsada. Detrás se levantan un edificio blanco almenado de techos rojos y, más lejos, colinas rocosas pardas, árboles escasos y un cielo azul oscuro. Arriba a la derecha, Dios surge de una nube rosada, con aureola y un gesto dirigido a David. Alrededor de la B, el pan de oro capta la luz. Encima se lee PSALMUS en letras doradas; otras letras decoradas continúan por la derecha y por la parte inferior, enmarcadas en rosa, azul y oro. Pequeñas figuras con aureola ocupan medallones redondos arriba y paneles rectangulares abajo. Todo el borde brota en hojas de acanto rizadas verdes, naranjas, rosas y azules, salpicadas de hojitas doradas, flores y puntos de color sobre el pergamino.","contexto":"Es una hoja de un salterio realizado hacia 1450 en Florencia, Italia, por un autor desconocido, con tinta, temple y oro sobre pergamino. Según el Cleveland Museum of Art, donde se conserva, la página abre el Salmo 1. Los salterios reunían los salmos bíblicos para el uso en la iglesia, a menudo junto con calendarios y oraciones; con el tiempo, el deseo laico de libros de oración más personales impulsó el nacimiento de los libros de horas. La inicial historiada —una letra decorada que contiene una escena narrativa— muestra al rey David, asociado tradicionalmente con los salmos. No se sabe, con los datos disponibles, la historia completa del libro original.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por la enorme B azul y sigue su curva hasta encontrar a David arrodillado en su interior. Después lee hacia afuera: las letras de la derecha y de la parte inferior completan su historia, mientras el oro guía la vista hacia Dios, que aparece sobre él. Al final, deja que el borde te detenga; entre las hojas siguen asomando rostros y figuras diminutas.","dato_curioso":"Las palabras iniciales forman parte de la propia decoración: la gran B alberga la escena de David, mientras las letras ornamentales de la derecha y de la parte inferior ayudan a componer Beatus vir, «bienaventurado el hombre».","preguntas":["¿Cómo cambia el acto de leer cuando todo un paisaje y un encuentro sagrado quedan atrapados dentro de una sola letra?","¿Qué sugiere el contraste entre el instrumento abandonado de David y sus manos unidas en oración sobre el momento representado?","¿Quién pudo usar un libro tan ricamente decorado, y cómo cambia su significado conservar hoy solo una hoja suelta?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["medieval art","illuminated manuscript","psalter","historiated initial","king david","psalm 1","florentine renaissance","tempera and gold","parchment","religious devotion","miniature painting","sacred text"],"es":["arte medieval","manuscrito iluminado","salterio","inicial historiada","rey david","salmo 1","renacimiento florentino","temple y oro","pergamino","devoción religiosa","pintura en miniatura","texto sagrado"]},"objetos":["inicial B","rey David arrodillado","instrumento de cuerda","Dios en una nube","edificio almenado","medallones con santos","hojas de acanto"],"colores":["#f3ead3","#1f3f9e","#c9a227","#b33a2b","#3d7a3a","#d98cb3"],"animo":["solemnidad luminosa y devota"],"epoca":"c. 1450","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on the materials: cream parchment darkened at the edges, tempera and gold still catching the light. The huge mottled blue B, outlined in gold and pink, required careful preparation and brush control. Inside, King David kneels on green grass wearing blues, pinks and reds, his string instrument left forgotten at his side. The gold leaf around it, the curling acanthus leaves and the golden letters reading PSALMUS reveal Florentine craft from around 1450, both fragile and luminous.","es":"Me detengo en lo material: pergamino color crema oscurecido en los bordes, temple y oro que aún capta la luz. La enorme B azul moteada, perfilada en oro y rosa, exige preparación y control del pincel. Dentro, el rey David arrodillado sobre hierba verde viste azules, rosas y rojos, con su instrumento olvidado a un lado. El pan de oro alrededor, las hojas de acanto rizadas y las letras doradas que dicen PSALMUS revelan un trabajo florentino de hacia 1450, frágil y luminoso a la vez."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"I see this page as a miniature sky. The background is an ordered universe: the deep mottled blue B is like a star-speckled night, surrounded by gold that shines like constellations. At the upper right, God emerges from a pink cloud above brown hills and a dark blue sky, as if watching from above. The tiny golden leaves and dots of color scattered along the borders remind me of scattered stars. Everything invites you to look upward, just as David does in prayer.","es":"Miro esta página como un cielo en miniatura. El fondo es un universo ordenado: la B azul profundo es como una noche moteada de estrellas, rodeada de oro que brilla como constelaciones. Arriba a la derecha, Dios surge de una nube rosada sobre colinas pardas y un cielo azul oscuro, como si observara desde lo alto. Las hojitas doradas y puntos de color salpicados en los bordes me recuerdan estrellas dispersas. Todo invita a levantar la vista, igual que David en oración."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"Wow, what a giant letter! It is a blue B with golden and pink sparkles all around. Inside there is a little old man with a crown, kneeling and praying, with his little guitar left on the green grass. Up above, in a pink cloud, God is waving at him. There is also a white castle with red roofs and lots of curly colorful plants all around the edges, as if the page grew a jungle of leaves and golden flowers. I want to hunt for the little circles with tiny people inside.","es":"¡Guau, qué letra tan gigante! Es una B azul con brillitos dorados y rosas alrededor. Adentro hay un señor viejito con corona, de rodillas rezando, con su guitarrita tirada en el pasto verde. Arriba, entre una nubecita rosa, está Dios saludándolo. También hay un castillito blanco con techos rojos y muchas plantitas rizadas de colores por todos los bordes, como si la página tuviera una selva de hojas y florecitas doradas. Me dan ganas de buscar los circulitos con personitas."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What huge decorated letter dominates the center of the page and holds the scene of David praying?","es":"¿Qué letra enorme y decorada domina el centro de la página y contiene la escena de David rezando?"},"pista":{"en":"It is blue, mottled, with a gold and pink outline, and above it you can read PSALMUS.","es":"Es azul, moteada, con borde dorado y rosa, y arriba dice PSALMUS."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What object does David leave forgotten at his side on the green grass while he prays?","es":"¿Qué objeto deja David olvidado a su lado sobre la hierba verde mientras reza?"},"pista":{"en":"It is an instrument played with the fingers, like a small harp or lute.","es":"Es un instrumento para tocar con los dedos, parecido a una pequeña arpa o laúd."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"Where does the haloed figure looking at David from the upper right emerge from?","es":"¿De dónde surge la figura con aureola que mira a David desde arriba a la derecha?"},"pista":{"en":"Look in the dark blue sky, above the brown hills and the crenellated building.","es":"Busca en el cielo azul oscuro, sobre las colinas pardas y el edificio almenado."}}],"conexiones":["inicial historiada","salterio y libro de horas","oro sobre pergamino","rey David en oración","Florencia hacia 1450","marginalia vegetal y acanto","azul y oro medieval","devoción y texto sagrado"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}