{"id":"cma-140151","titulo":{"en":"Amida Buddha","es":"Amida Buddha"},"titulo_original":"Amida Buddha","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"581–618","cultura":"China, Sui dynasty (581-618)","tecnica":"limestone with traces of polychromy","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.152","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.152/1964.152_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Amida Buddha","se_ve":"A vertical stone sculpture, photographed from the front and centered against a plain background that fades from black at the top to light gray at the bottom. The main figure is a Buddha seated in meditation, legs crossed on a lotus pedestal. He wears a wide robe with long, curved folds that covers his shoulders, arms, and legs and leaves part of his chest visible. His oval face has closed or half-closed eyes, arched brows, a straight nose, a small mouth, and a serene expression. His hair is gathered into a high topknot, and his elongated earlobes fall at the sides of his face. His right hand is raised before his chest, fingers flexed in a delicate gesture; his left hand rests on his knee, fingers pointing downward. Behind his head rises a large halo shaped like a leaf or a pointed oval. At its top sits a tiny Buddha, and on each side curved supports emerge bearing two more small Buddhas on pedestals. The limestone looks worn, with surfaces polished by time on the face and hands, lighter areas at the base, and dark shading in the folds. A broad lower pedestal carved with downward lotus petals supports the whole figure, solid and balanced.","contexto":"According to the Cleveland Museum of Art, this sculpture, titled Amida Buddha, is by an unknown maker, comes from China during the Sui dynasty (581–618), and is carved in limestone with traces of polychromy. It belongs to the museum's Chinese Art department and is credited to the John L. Severance Fund. Amida — Amitabha in Sanskrit — is, in Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha associated with the Western Pure Land. The source highlights the three small Buddhas on the halo as a rare feature: they probably represent the Buddhas of the past, present, and future, or souls reborn in the Western Paradise through Amida's intervention. Its exact place of origin and original use are not known.","como_mirarla":"Start with the closed eyes and the calm symmetry of the face. Then move up to the three small figures on the halo: that rare detail changes an image of meditation into one about time, rebirth, and salvation. Finally, look down at the lotus pedestal and notice how the heavy stone is carved to suggest soft cloth and petals.","dato_curioso":"A surprising visual detail is that the two small side Buddhas are not carved directly on the halo: they rise on curved supports that emerge from behind the main figure's shoulders, like two thin arms holding tiny shrines.","preguntas":["What changes in the main figure's meaning when the three small Buddhas on the halo are noticed?","How does the contrast between hard stone and soft-looking folds affect the sense of calm?","What kinds of devotion or hope might an image like this have offered to those who contemplated it?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Amida Buddha","se_ve":"Escultura vertical de piedra, fotografiada de frente y centrada sobre un fondo liso que pasa del negro en la parte superior al gris claro en la inferior. La figura principal es un Buda sentado en postura de meditación, con las piernas cruzadas sobre un pedestal de loto. Viste una túnica amplia de pliegues largos y curvos que cubre hombros, brazos y piernas, y deja ver parte del pecho. Su rostro ovalado tiene los ojos cerrados o entornados, cejas arqueadas, nariz recta, boca pequeña y una expresión serena. Lleva el cabello recogido en un moño alto sobre la cabeza y orejas alargadas que caen a los lados del rostro. La mano derecha está levantada frente al pecho, con dedos flexionados en un gesto delicado; la izquierda descansa sobre la rodilla, con los dedos apuntando hacia abajo. Detrás de la cabeza se alza un halo grande en forma de hoja u óvalo puntiagudo. En su parte superior se sienta un Buda diminuto, y a cada lado surgen brazos curvos que sostienen otros dos Budas pequeños sobre pedestales. La piedra caliza se ve desgastada, con superficies pulidas por el tiempo en el rostro y las manos, zonas más claras en la base y vetas oscuras en los pliegues. El pedestal inferior, ancho y esculpido con pétalos de loto hacia abajo, sostiene todo el conjunto con apariencia sólida y equilibrada.","contexto":"Según la ficha del Cleveland Museum of Art, esta escultura titulada Amida Buddha es de autor desconocido, procede de China durante la dinastía Sui (581-618) y está tallada en piedra caliza con restos de policromía. Pertenece al departamento de Arte Chino y se conserva con crédito al John L. Severance Fund. Amida —Amitabha en sánscrito— es, en el budismo Mahayana, el Buda asociado a la Tierra Pura occidental. La fuente destaca como rasgo raro los tres pequeños Budas del halo: probablemente representan a los Budas del pasado, presente y futuro, o a almas renacidas en el Paraíso Occidental gracias a Amida. No se sabe su lugar exacto de origen ni su uso original preciso.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por los ojos cerrados y la simetría tranquila del rostro. Después sube hacia las tres figurillas del halo: ese detalle raro transforma una imagen de meditación en una sobre el tiempo, el renacimiento y la salvación. Al final, baja al pedestal de loto y observa cómo la piedra pesada se talla para sugerir tela suave y pétalos.","dato_curioso":"Un detalle visual sorprendente es que los dos pequeños Budas laterales no están tallados directamente sobre el halo: se alzan sobre soportes curvos que salen detrás de los hombros de la figura principal, como dos brazos delgados que sostienen diminutos altares.","preguntas":["¿Qué cambia en el significado de la figura principal cuando se notan los tres pequeños Budas del halo?","¿Cómo influye en la sensación de calma el contraste entre la dureza de la piedra y la suavidad aparente de los pliegues?","¿Qué tipo de devoción o esperanza pudo ofrecer una imagen como esta a quienes la contemplaban?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["buddhism","amida buddha","sui dynasty","chinese sculpture","limestone","meditation","lotus","halo","devotion","serenity"],"es":["budismo","buda amida","dinastía sui","escultura china","piedra caliza","meditación","loto","halo","devoción","serenidad"]},"objetos":["buda sentado","halo en forma de hoja","tres budas pequeños","pedestal de loto","túnica con pliegues"],"colores":["#1e1c1a","#3a332e","#6b5f52","#8c7e6d","#b8afa0","#d9d6d0"],"animo":["serenidad","quieta","y","atemporal"],"epoca":"581-618","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"As a conservator I look at this limestone and see the passage of time in every part. The robe has long curved folds that still keep dark veins and pale traces of polychromy, even though the surface is very worn and polished on the face and hands. I am struck by the solid base with downward lotus petals and the leaf-shaped halo framing the head. It is a work from the Sui dynasty that shows us how stone wears and how it is preserved.","es":"Como restauradora miro esta piedra caliza y veo el paso del tiempo en cada parte. La túnica tiene pliegues largos y curvos que aún conservan vetas oscuras y restos claros de policromía, aunque la superficie está muy pulida en el rostro y en las manos. Me llama la atención la base sólida con pétalos de loto hacia abajo y el halo en forma de hoja que enmarca la cabeza. Es una pieza de la dinastía Sui que nos enseña cómo se desgasta y se conserva la piedra."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"When I look at this sculpture I think about how we direct our gaze. The Buddha is centered and seated with crossed legs, and everything feels balanced like a stable system. The large halo behind the head works like its own sky, and on it there are three small Buddhas: one at the top point and two at the sides on pedestals. I imagine those three points like a constellation around the central figure that guides the eye in a circle.","es":"Cuando observo esta escultura pienso en cómo orientamos la mirada. El Buda está centrado y sentado con las piernas cruzadas, y todo parece equilibrado como un sistema estable. El halo grande detrás de la cabeza funciona como un cielo propio, y en él hay tres Budas pequeños: uno arriba en la punta y dos a los lados sobre pedestales. Me imagina esos tres puntos como una constelación que acompaña a la figura central y guía la vista en círculo."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"This Buddha looks very calm with closed eyes and a tiny smile. I like his robe with lots of curved lines that looks like a little blanket covering him. He sits on a lotus flower and has one hand up like waving and the other on his knee. Behind his head there is a giant leaf and three tiny little Buddhas live on it, one on top and two on the sides. It looks like they are taking care of him!","es":"Este Buda parece estar muy tranquilo con los ojos cerrados y una sonrisa chiquita. Me gusta su túnica con muchas rayitas curvas que parece una cobijita que lo tapa todo. Está sentado sobre una flor de loto y tiene una mano arriba como saludando y la otra en su rodilla. Detrás de su cabeza hay una hoja gigante y en ella viven tres Buditas chiquitos, uno arriba y dos a los lados. ¡Parece que lo están cuidando!"}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"How many small Buddhas are placed on the leaf-shaped halo behind the head?","es":"¿Cuántos Budas pequeños hay colocados sobre el halo en forma de hoja que está detrás de la cabeza?"},"pista":{"en":"Look closely at the large halo behind the head: one is at the very top point and there is one more on each side.","es":"Mira con atención el halo grande detrás de la cabeza: uno está en la punta superior y hay uno más a cada lado."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What type of flower with petals does the main Buddha sit on, which also forms its pedestal?","es":"¿Sobre qué tipo de flor con pétalos descansa sentado el Buda principal y que también forma su pedestal?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a very important flower in Buddhism and appears as a wide base with downward petals.","es":"Es una flor muy importante en el budismo y se ve como base ancha con pétalos hacia abajo."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What color is the upper part of the plain background behind the sculpture?","es":"¿De qué color es la parte de arriba del fondo liso detrás de la escultura?"},"pista":{"en":"The background goes from dark at the top to light gray at the bottom, find the darkest tone.","es":"El fondo cambia de oscuro arriba a gris claro abajo, busca el tono más oscuro."}}],"conexiones":["budismo Mahayana y Tierra Pura","dinastía Sui en China","escultura en piedra caliza con policromía","iconografía del loto y la meditación","halos y mandorlas en el arte sagrado","gestos de manos en la escultura budista","idea de serenidad y devoción"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}