{"id":"cma-150996","titulo":{"en":"Durga Destroying the Buffalo Demon","es":"Durga destruyendo al demonio búfalo"},"titulo_original":"Durga Destroying the Buffalo Demon","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"800s–900s","cultura":"Northern India, Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh, 9th-10th Century","tecnica":"schist","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.45","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.45/1982.45_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Durga Destroying the Buffalo Demon","se_ve":"A freestanding schist sculpture in muted greenish-grey stone, displayed on a flat black base against a soft gradient grey background. At the center, the goddess Durga stands in a powerful, forward-leaning stance atop the bulky, fallen body of the buffalo. She wears a tall, elaborate crown with curling forms and a small reddish medallion at the forehead, a thick necklace, armlets and a short wrap around her hips; her upper body is bare with smoothly modeled forms. A large, leaf-shaped aureole or backplate survives behind her head, its edges chipped and irregular from age. Her face is remarkably calm, with downcast eyes, full lips and composed features, contrasting the violent action below. With both hands she grips a male human figure arching backwards — the demon Mahishasura emerging from the severed neck of the buffalo. His torso is twisted, one arm reaching toward the ground, his head limp in her grasp. Beneath, the buffalo is rendered as a heavy mass with stout legs, a broad back and a snout with horns visible on the left side. The stone surface shows weathering, fine cracks, lighter abrasions and traces of pigment, with gentle lighting that emphasizes muscular tension, soft skin and textured stone.","contexto":"This sculpture comes from northern India, probably Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh, dated to the 9th to 10th century, according to the Cleveland Museum of Art where it is housed in the Indian and Southeast Asian Art department. Carved in schist, it depicts Durga in her warrior aspect, understood in Hindu traditions as a form of Parvati and the embodiment of shakti, the female creative energy. Her most famous deed in mythic literature is the slaying of the buffalo demon Mahishasura, who had ravaged the universe until she decapitated his buffalo form. From the neck emerges his more vulnerable demonic human form, which she subdues with calm power. The maker is unknown, as is common for devotional art of this early medieval period.","como_mirarla":"First notice the striking contrast between Durga's tranquil face and the strained, arched body of the demon she holds. Follow the diagonal of her arms to where the human figure bursts from the buffalo's severed neck, a small detail that turns a battle scene into a story of inner vices defeated.","dato_curioso":"In classic Durga Mahishasuramardini imagery, the demon's emergence from the decapitated buffalo marks the moment his invincible animal disguise falls and his true, defeatable self is exposed.","preguntas":["How does the calm expression of the goddess reshape your idea of power and victory?","What does the worn, broken stone tell you about age, worship and survival through centuries?","How do the intertwined animal and human bodies suggest ideas of transformation and illusion?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Durga destruyendo al demonio búfalo","se_ve":"Escultura exenta tallada en esquisto gris verdoso, de tamaño medio, presentada sobre una base negra rectangular. En el centro, la diosa Durga aparece de pie y en tensión dinámica sobre el cuerpo voluminoso del búfalo abatido. Lleva una corona alta y ornamentada con volutas y un adorno central rojizo aún visible, un collar grueso en el cuello y una falda corta ceñida a la cintura; su torso está descubierto y sus formas son suaves pero firmes. Detrás de su cabeza se conserva parte de una aureola o respaldo en forma de hoja, con bordes irregulares y rotos por el tiempo. Su rostro es sereno, con los ojos entornados y una expresión tranquila que contrasta con la acción violenta. Con ambas manos sujeta por el torso y la cabeza a una figura humana masculina que emerge del cuello seccionado del búfalo: es Mahishasura en su forma demoníaca vulnerable. El cuerpo del demonio está arqueado hacia atrás, con los brazos extendidos y la cabeza colgando. Debajo, el búfalo se reconoce por su lomo ancho, patas cortas y una cabeza con hocico y cuernos apenas insinuados en la parte izquierda. La piedra muestra desgaste, craqueladuras finas, manchas más claras por erosión y restos de pigmento. La luz modela volúmenes musculares y drapeados con sombras suaves sobre un fondo neutro degradado de gris claro a gris medio.","contexto":"Esta escultura procede del norte de la India, probablemente de Cachemira o Himachal Pradesh, y está datada entre los siglos IX y X, según la información del Cleveland Museum of Art, donde se conserva como parte de la colección de Arte Indio y del Sudeste Asiático. Está realizada en esquisto y representa a Durga en su aspecto guerrero, una forma de Parvati y personificación de la energía femenina shakti. Su hazaña más célebre en la literatura mítica hindú es la decapitación del demonio búfalo Mahishasura, que había asolado el universo. Del cuello cortado del animal emerge su forma demoníaca más vulnerable, a la que la diosa somete con calma y poder. El autor es desconocido, como es habitual en la imaginería devocional de este periodo temprano medieval.","como_mirarla":"Observa primero el contraste entre el rostro sereno de Durga y la torsión violenta del demonio que domina. Sigue luego las líneas de sus brazos hasta las manos que aferran el cuerpo emergente, y detente en el cuello del búfalo cortado de donde brota la figura humana, detalle clave que transforma la escena de caza en símbolo de la victoria sobre la arrogancia.","dato_curioso":"En la iconografía clásica de Durga Mahishasuramardini, el motivo del demonio emergiendo del búfalo decapitado simboliza la revelación de su verdadera naturaleza vulnerable tras perder su forma animal invencible.","preguntas":["¿Cómo cambia tu percepción de la fuerza al verla expresada con serenidad en lugar de furia?","¿Qué te comunica el material pétreo erosionado y fragmentado sobre el paso del tiempo y la devoción?","¿De qué manera el cuerpo del búfalo y el cuerpo humano entrelazados hablan de transformación y dualidad?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["hinduism","durga","mahishasura","schist","sculpture","northern india","kashmir","iconography","shakti","warrior goddess","9th century","devotional art","myth"],"es":["hinduismo","durga","mahishasura","esquisto","escultura","india del norte","cachemira","iconografía","shakti","diosa guerrera","siglo ix","arte devocional","mito"]},"objetos":["diosa Durga","demonio Mahishasura","búfalo","corona","aureola","base de museo"],"colores":["#6B7465","#8A9585","#3D3D3D","#A79C93","#1A1A1A"],"animo":["serena","poderosa","tensa","contemplativa"],"epoca":"800s–900s","certeza":"alta","advertencias":["violencia mitológica","decapitación representada"],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on the surface of this greenish gray schist. I see the wear, the fine cracking and the lighter patches from erosion, but also the trace of reddish pigment that still remains at the center of the tall crown. I notice how light reveals muscles and folds despite the weathered stone. The leaf-shaped aureole is broken with irregular edges, a testimony to time. I am moved that the serenity of Durga's face has survived intact through centuries of history.","es":"Me detengo en la superficie de este esquisto gris verdoso. Veo el desgaste, las craqueladuras finas y las manchas claras por erosión, pero también el rastro de pigmento rojizo que aún resiste en el centro de la corona alta. Observo cómo la luz revela músculos y pliegues pese a la piedra erosionada. La aureola en forma de hoja está rota y con bordes irregulares, testimonio del tiempo. Me conmueve que la serenidad del rostro de Durga se haya conservado intacta bajo siglos de historia."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"When I look at this scene I think of constellations that tell battles. Durga appears as an ordering force, serene and firm, subduing the chaos represented by Mahishasura as he emerges vulnerable from the severed neck of the buffalo. The fallen buffalo below, with its broad back and barely outlined snout, is the eclipsed shadow. The aureole behind her head reminds me of a lunar halo, a light that frames her silhouette and marks a decisive moment between darkness and balance.","es":"Cuando miro esta escena pienso en constelaciones que cuentan batallas. Durga aparece como una fuerza ordenadora, serena y firme, sometiendo el caos que representa Mahishasura cuando emerge vulnerable del cuello del búfalo seccionado. El búfalo abatido abajo, con su lomo ancho y hocico apenas insinuado, es la sombra eclipsada. La aureola detrás de su cabeza me recuerda un halo lunar, una luz que recorta su silueta y marca un momento decisivo entre oscuridad y equilibrio."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"The goddess looks super strong and calm at the same time! She is standing on a big buffalo that has already fallen and she is holding a man who is coming out of its neck. She does not look angry, she looks like she knows exactly what she is doing. She wears a very tall crown with a little red dot in the middle and a thick necklace, and her skirt is short. Behind her there is like a little broken leaf that shines. I like that even though it is a fight, her face looks peaceful.","es":"¡La diosa se ve súper fuerte y tranquila al mismo tiempo! Está parada sobre un búfalo grandote que ya se cayó y sostiene a un señor que sale de su cuello. No parece enojada, parece que sabe exactamente lo que hace. Lleva una corona muy alta con una bolita roja en medio y un collar grueso, y su falda es cortita. Atrás tiene como una hojita rota que brilla. Me gusta que aunque es una pelea, su cara se ve en paz."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"If you look at the goddess's tall crown, what color does the little central ornament still have?","es":"Si miras la corona alta de la diosa, ¿qué color tiene aún el adornito del centro?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the highest part of her head, right at the center of the crown.","es":"Busca en la parte más alta de su cabeza, justo al centro de la corona."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What animal do you recognize below, with the broad back and the snout on the left?","es":"¿Qué animal reconoces abajo, con el lomo ancho y el hocico a la izquierda?"},"pista":{"en":"It is large, has short legs and from its neck the demon figure emerges.","es":"Es grande, tiene patas cortas y de su cuello sale la figura del demonio."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"Count the main figures carved in the stone, not counting the museum's black base: how many are there?","es":"Cuenta las figuras principales talladas en la piedra, sin contar la base negra del museo: ¿cuántas son?"},"pista":{"en":"One is the standing goddess, another is the arched demon she holds, and the third is the fallen animal below.","es":"Una es la diosa de pie, otra el demonio arqueado que sostiene, y la tercera el animal abatido debajo."}}],"conexiones":["energía femenina shakti","diosas guerreras en el hinduismo","mito de Mahishasura","escultura en esquisto del Himalaya","arte devocional del norte de la India siglos IX y X","iconografía de coronas y aureolas","representaciones de animales míticos"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}