{"id":"cma-155068","titulo":{"en":"Paradise Lost: Adam and Eve Driven out of Paradise","es":"Paraíso Perdido: Adán y Eva expulsados del Paraíso"},"titulo_original":"Paradise Lost: Adam and Eve Driven out of Paradise","autor":"John Martin (British, 1789–1854)","fecha":"1824–27","cultura":"England, 19th century","tecnica":"mezzotint","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.80","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.80/1989.80_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Paradise Lost: Adam and Eve Driven out of Paradise","se_ve":"A horizontal black-and-white print presenting a vast, theatrical and apocalyptic landscape. In the lower right foreground, on a dark rocky path, two small nude figures — Adam and Eve — walk hunched and sorrowful; he covers his face with his hand, she raises an arm to her head. At their feet a pale serpent slithers across the rock. The terrain is jagged, with sharp cliffs, gnarled shrubs and tiny scattered animals, perhaps goats or wild cats, almost lost in shadow. To the right rises an immense, near-vertical cliff with glowing cave mouths and ghostly waterfalls of light. Beyond, a luminous stormy valley opens: winding rivers, distant mountains lit by a diagonal beam of light cutting through swirling vortex clouds and a heavy, dark sky. The mezzotint technique creates velvety blacks and silvery highlights, with dramatic chiaroscuro that emphasizes scale, texture and a sense of the sublime. The human figures appear minute against nature’s overwhelming grandeur.","contexto":"This mezzotint was made between 1824 and 1827 by British artist John Martin (1789–1854) as part of his illustrations for John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost, first published in 1667. It belongs to 19th-century English print culture and is held in the Prints department of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Martin was renowned for Romantic, sublime visions of biblical catastrophes and imaginary landscapes marked by colossal scale and dramatic lighting. This image depicts the expulsion from Eden, a central episode of Milton’s poem and a popular subject in Romantic visual imagination. No further specific commission details are recorded in the source data.","como_mirarla":"Start with the vast distance and the beam of light breaking through the vortex clouds on the horizon, then move forward to the dark rocky foreground to locate the two tiny figures. Notice how their smallness against the towering cliffs and stormy sky turns a biblical narrative into a powerful feeling of exile and vulnerability.","dato_curioso":"John Martin’s mezzotints were celebrated for their cinematic tonal range, achieved by burnishing a roughened copper plate to pull light from darkness, allowing him to produce those deep blacks and radiant beams that made his Paradise Lost series famous in the 1820s.","preguntas":["How does the scale of nature versus humans shape your reading of exile?","What role does light play in suggesting punishment, hope, or indifference?","What sounds would you imagine in this valley of storm, water and quiet footsteps?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Paraíso Perdido: Adán y Eva expulsados del Paraíso","se_ve":"Estampa en blanco y negro de formato horizontal con un paisaje apocalíptico y teatral. En primer plano, abajo a la derecha, sobre un sendero rocoso y oscuro, caminan dos figuras desnudas de pequeña escala —Adán y Eva— encorvadas, con gestos de dolor y vergüenza; él se cubre el rostro con la mano, ella levanta un brazo hacia la cabeza. A sus pies se desliza una serpiente pálida. El terreno es abrupto, con rocas dentadas, matorrales retorcidos y algunos animales diminutos dispersos, como cabras o felinos, casi perdidos en la penumbra. A la derecha se alza un acantilado inmenso, casi vertical, con cuevas que emiten un resplandor blanquecino y cascadas fantasmales. Al fondo se abre un valle luminoso y tormentoso: ríos serpenteantes, montañas iluminadas por un haz de luz diagonal que atraviesa nubes en remolino y un cielo cargado de nubarrones negros. La luz, dramática y contrastada, propia del mezzotinto, crea un efecto sublime entre oscuridad aterciopelada y destellos plateados.","contexto":"La pieza es una mezzotinta realizada entre 1824 y 1827 por el artista británico John Martin (1789–1854), perteneciente a la serie de ilustraciones para El Paraíso Perdido de John Milton, poema épico publicado en 1667. La obra pertenece a la cultura inglesa del siglo XIX y se conserva en la colección de estampas del Cleveland Museum of Art. Martin fue célebre por sus visiones románticas y sublimes de catástrofes bíblicas y paisajes fantásticos, caracterizadas por escalas colosales y efectos lumínicos dramáticos. Esta estampa muestra el momento de la expulsión del Edén, tema central del poema miltoniano y muy popular en la imaginación visual del romanticismo. No se conocen detalles adicionales sobre un encargo específico en los datos de la fuente.","como_mirarla":"Primero abarca el paisaje inmenso y la luz que rompe las nubes en el horizonte lejano; luego desciende hacia el primer plano rocoso para encontrar a las dos figuras diminutas. Observa cómo el contraste entre su fragilidad y la enormidad de los acantilados y el cielo tormentoso transforma una escena bíblica en una experiencia de soledad y desamparo.","dato_curioso":"La mezzotinta, técnica que Martin dominó, se logra raspando una plancha de cobre granulada para crear tonos desde el negro profundo hasta el blanco luminoso, lo que permitía esos cielos tormentosos y luces casi cinematográficas tan admirados en el siglo XIX.","preguntas":["¿Cómo cambia tu empatía al notar lo pequeños que son Adán y Eva frente al paisaje?","¿Qué papel juega la luz en la sensación de esperanza o castigo dentro de la imagen?","¿Qué sonidos imaginarías en este valle entre la tormenta, el agua y el silencio de los exiliados?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["romanticism","sublime","mezzotint","print","paradise lost","john milton","exile","apocalyptic landscape","dramatic light","19th century"],"es":["romanticismo","sublime","mezzotinta","estampa","paraíso perdido","john milton","exilio","paisaje apocalíptico","luz dramática","siglo xix"]},"objetos":["Adán","Eva","serpiente","acantilados","cueva luminosa","río","montañas","nubes en remolino","rocas","animales pequeños"],"colores":["#0B0B0B","#2E2E2E","#6B6B6B","#C8C8C8","#EAEAEA"],"animo":["solemne","melancólico","sublime","desolado"],"epoca":"1824–27","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"If you look closely you will see this is a mezzotint, and what looks like velvety darkness is carefully worked ink. John Martin achieved that deep black of #0B0B0B and the silvery highlights of #EAEAEA by scraping the plate to bring out light. I love how the dramatic contrast makes the rocky path stand out where Adam and Eve walk, so tiny, with the pale serpent at their feet. The glowing caves and ghostly waterfalls are pure light effects from the nineteenth century.","es":"Si te acercas verás que esto es una mezzotinta, y lo que ves como oscuridad aterciopelada es tinta bien trabajada. John Martin logró ese negro profundo de #0B0B0B y los destellos plateados de #EAEAEA raspando la plancha para sacar luz. Me fascina cómo el contraste dramático hace resaltar el sendero rocoso donde van Adán y Eva, tan pequeños, y la serpiente pálida a sus pies. Las cuevas que brillan y las cascadas fantasmales son puro efecto lumínico del siglo XIX."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"For me this print is a stormy sky. That diagonal beam of light cutting through the black storm clouds and swirling vapors reminds me of an eclipse night or a dramatic aurora. Between 1824 and 1827, Martin imagined for Milton's Paradise Lost a colossal-scale universe, with distant mountains, winding rivers and a luminous valley in the background. Adam and Eve are tiny beneath that sublime cosmos, as if Romanticism were telling us how small we are before infinity.","es":"Para mí esta estampa es un cielo en tormenta. Ese haz de luz diagonal que rompe los nubarrones negros y los remolinos de nubes me recuerda a una noche de eclipse o a una aurora dramática. Martin, entre 1824 y 1827, imaginó para El Paraíso Perdido de Milton un universo a escala colosal, con montañas lejanas, ríos serpenteantes y un valle luminoso al fondo. Adán y Eva son diminutos bajo ese cosmos sublime, como si el romanticismo nos dijera que somos muy pequeños frente al infinito."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"This picture is a little scary but I like it! At the bottom right there are two people with no clothes, hunched over and sad, covering their faces. At their feet there is a light-colored snake slithering along. Everything is rocky and dark, with a huge cliff that has caves glowing as if they had light inside. In the back there is a curvy river, mountains and a sky with swirling clouds and a super strong beam of light that looks like in a movie.","es":"¡Esta imagen da un poco de miedo pero me gusta! Abajo a la derecha van dos personas sin ropa, encorvadas y tristes, tapándose la cara. A sus pies hay una serpiente clarita que se arrastra. Todo es rocoso y oscuro, con un acantilado gigante que tiene cuevas que brillan como si tuvieran luz por dentro. Al fondo hay un río que hace curvas, montañas y un cielo con nubes en remolino y un rayo de luz muy fuerte que parece de película."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"In the foreground, at the bottom right, what pale animal slithers at the feet of the two hunched figures walking?","es":"En primer plano, abajo a la derecha, ¿qué animal pálido se desliza a los pies de las dos figuras que caminan encorvadas?"},"pista":{"en":"Look on the dark rocky path, right where Adam covers his face and Eve raises her arm.","es":"Busca sobre el sendero rocoso y oscuro, justo donde Adán se cubre el rostro y Eva levanta el brazo."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"On the right side of the print, what huge vertical form has caves emitting a whitish glow?","es":"A la derecha de la estampa, ¿qué forma enorme y vertical tiene cuevas que emiten un resplandor blanquecino?"},"pista":{"en":"It is almost vertical, with ghostly waterfalls, and dominates the right side of the theatrical landscape.","es":"Es casi vertical, con cascadas fantasmales y domina el lado derecho del paisaje teatral."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"In the background, what luminous element winds through the valley and reflects the diagonal beam of light crossing the clouds?","es":"Al fondo, ¿qué elemento luminoso serpentea por el valle y refleja el haz de luz diagonal que atraviesa las nubes?"},"pista":{"en":"Look beyond the rugged ground, toward the stormy and illuminated valley between mountains.","es":"Mira más allá del terreno abrupto, hacia el valle tormentoso e iluminado entre montañas."}}],"conexiones":["exilio y expulsión","luz dramática y claroscuro","sublime romántico","paisaje apocalíptico","mezzotinta y grabado","escala humana diminuta","literatura e imagen"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}