{"id":"cma-155497","titulo":{"en":"Figurine with Animal Headdress, Probably 20th Century in Pre-Columbian Style","es":"Figurilla con tocado de animal, probablemente siglo XX en estilo precolombino"},"titulo_original":"Figurine with Animal Headdress","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"20th Century(?)","cultura":"Pre-Columbian style(?), 20th century (?)","tecnica":"serpentine","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.218","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.218/1990.218_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Figurine with Animal Headdress, Probably 20th Century in Pre-Columbian Style","se_ve":"A small, compact sculpture shown frontally against a neutral gray background, depicting a crouching human figure. In the foreground the polished stone dominates, dark green almost black with yellowish and brownish mottling from wear and aging. The figure has thick, short legs set apart and arms bent forward with both hands joined over the abdomen; vertical incisions suggest fingers. The human face is stylized, with half-closed eyes, a broad nose and a small mouth, framed by ear flares or side locks. On the head sits a large animal headdress, perhaps a feline or amphibian, with a broad flat snout, small rounded ears and slit-like eyes. Light catches the waxy sheen of serpentine and reveals uneven patina, tiny pits and whitish residue in crevices. The scale feels pocket-sized, just a few inches tall, dense and weighty, with an intentionally archaic look. The carving is blocky yet softened by polish, blending human and animal features into a single totemic form.","contexto":"Cleveland Museum of Art records list this work as Figurine with Animal Headdress, by unknown maker, made of serpentine, in the Art of the Americas department. Both date and culture are marked as uncertain: 20th Century(?) and Pre-Columbian style(?), 20th century(?). No further source description is given. It is probably a modern carving made in a Pre-Columbian manner rather than an original ancient Mesoamerican artifact, a common practice in the 20th-century market. Exact place of manufacture and maker intent are not known. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener.","como_mirarla":"Start with the contrast between the small human face and the oversized animal head that caps it like a helmet. Then follow the clasped hands at the center and the stone veining that shifts color in the light; the polish and worn texture become clear there.","dato_curioso":"Serpentine is a relatively soft stone often used in 20th-century copies of Mesoamerican sculpture because it polishes like jade but is much easier to carve.","preguntas":["What visual clues make you question or trust its apparent antiquity?","How does your reading shift if you see the headdress as jaguar, frog, or caiman?","What responsibility does a museum have when showing a work labeled as Pre-Columbian style with an uncertain date?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Figurilla con tocado de animal, probablemente siglo XX en estilo precolombino","se_ve":"Escultura pequeña y compacta, fotografiada de frente sobre fondo gris neutro, que representa una figura humana agachada o en cuclillas. En primer plano domina un bloque de piedra pulida de tonos verde oscuro, casi negro, con vetas amarillentas y pardas por desgaste. La figura tiene las piernas gruesas y cortas, separadas, y los brazos doblados al frente con las manos juntas sobre el abdomen; se distinguen incisiones verticales que sugieren dedos. El rostro humano es estilizado, con ojos entornados, nariz ancha y boca pequeña, enmarcado por orejeras o mechones laterales. Sobre la cabeza lleva un tocado grande en forma de cabeza de animal, posiblemente felino o anfibio, con hocico ancho y achatado, orejas pequeñas y redondeadas y ojos en forma de rendija. La luz resalta el brillo ceroso de la serpentina y deja ver pátina irregular, poros, pequeñas picaduras y restos blanquecinos en pliegues. La escala parece de bolsillo, de unos pocos centímetros, con sensación de peso y solidez arcaizante.","contexto":"Los datos del Cleveland Museum of Art la presentan como Figurine with Animal Headdress, de autor desconocido, en serpentina, dentro del departamento Art of the Americas. La fecha y cultura aparecen con signo de interrogación: 20th Century(?) y Pre-Columbian style(?), 20th century(?). No hay descripción adicional en la fuente. Probablemente se trata de una obra moderna hecha a la manera precolombina, no de una pieza arqueológica mesoamericana original, algo frecuente en el mercado del siglo XX. No se sabe el lugar exacto de manufactura ni la motivación del tallador. Donación de Mr. y Mrs. James C. Gruener.","como_mirarla":"Nota primero el contraste entre el rostro humano pequeño y el tocado animal enorme que lo cubre como casco. Luego sigue las manos enlazadas al centro y las vetas de la piedra que cambian el color según la luz; ahí se nota el pulido y el desgaste simulado o real.","dato_curioso":"La serpentina es una roca blanda muy usada en imitaciones del siglo XX de escultura mesoamericana por su brillo similar al jade pero mucho más fácil de tallar.","preguntas":["¿Qué pistas visuales te hacen dudar o creer que sea una pieza antigua auténtica?","¿Cómo cambia tu interpretación si ves el tocado como jaguar, rana o cocodrilo?","¿Qué responsabilidad tiene un museo al exhibir una obra catalogada como estilo precolombino con fecha incierta?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["sculpture","stone","serpentine","pre-columbian style","20th century","animal headdress","anthropomorphic figure","americas","contemporary craft","patina","cleveland museum"],"es":["escultura","piedra","serpentina","estilo precolombino","siglo xx","tocado animal","figura antropomorfa","américa","artesanía contemporánea","pátina","museo cleveland"]},"objetos":["figurilla humana agachada","tocado con cabeza de animal","piedra serpentina pulida"],"colores":["#1B2E24","#3A4A3B","#8A7E5B","#C2BBA6","#6B6B6B"],"animo":["enigmático","solemne","táctil"],"epoca":"Siglo XX, en estilo precolombino (fecha y cultura inciertas según la fuente)","certeza":"baja","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"From my workbench I look at that serpentine with its almost black green and yellowish veins and waxy sheen highlighted by the light. I notice the uneven polish, open pores, small pits and whitish residues trapped in the folds of the headdress and hands. The finger incisions are simple and deep. I cannot confirm age from a photo alone, but the Cleveland Museum of Art record lists date and culture with a question mark: 20th century in Pre-Columbian style. That reminds me not to mistake patina for archaeological antiquity.","es":"Desde mi mesa me fijo en esa serpentina de verde casi negro con vetas amarillentas y ese brillo ceroso que la luz resalta. Veo el pulido irregular, poros abiertos, picaduras pequeñas y restos blanquecinos en los pliegues del tocado y las manos. Las incisiones de los dedos son simples y profundas. No puedo confirmar antigüedad solo con la foto, pero la ficha del Cleveland Museum of Art marca fecha y cultura con interrogación: siglo XX en estilo precolombino. Eso me recuerda no confundir pátina con antigüedad arqueológica."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"I am drawn to how this compact, weighty figurine seems to look inward, with half-closed eyes and hands joined over the abdomen, as if holding stillness. The huge headdress with its broad snout and rounded ears dominates the silhouette and suggests an animal companion, perhaps feline or amphibian. Although the record indicates it is probably a 20th century work in Pre-Columbian style rather than an archaeological object, it makes me think about how many cultures imagine headdresses that link the human with the animal and with the night sky.","es":"Me atrae cómo esta figurilla compacta y pesada parece mirar hacia adentro, con los ojos entornados y las manos juntas sobre el abdomen, como si guardara quietud. El tocado enorme con hocico ancho y orejas redondeadas domina la silueta y sugiere un animal compañero, tal vez felino o anfibio. Aunque la ficha indica que probablemente es una obra del siglo XX en estilo precolombino y no una pieza arqueológica, me hace pensar en cómo tantas culturas imaginan tocados que conectan lo humano con lo animal y con el cielo nocturno."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a strong little person squatting with chubby legs and hands hugging its belly. Its face is calm and it wears a giant animal hat with a flat nose and round little ears, as if it were its pet. The stone looks dark green and shiny, like heavy soap, with light spots. I like that it fits in your hand and is pocket-sized. The record says it is not truly ancient, that it is 20th century made to look like the old ones, but it still looks mysterious.","es":"Parece un hombrecito fuerte haciendo cuclillas con las piernas gorditas y las manos abrazando su panza. Su cara es calmada y lleva un sombrero gigante de animal con nariz chata y orejitas redondas, como si fuera su mascota. La piedra se ve verde oscura y brillosa, como un jabón pesado, con manchitas claras. Me gusta que cabe en la mano y que es del tamaño de bolsillo. Dice la ficha que no es antigua de verdad, que es del siglo XX hecha como las de antes, pero igual se ve misteriosa."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"What dark green material with yellowish veins is the figurine made of according to the record?","es":"¿De qué material verde oscuro y con vetas amarillentas está hecha la figurilla según la ficha?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a polished stone with a waxy sheen listed among the objects and tags.","es":"Es una piedra pulida con brillo ceroso que se menciona en los objetos y etiquetas."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What does the human figure wear on its head?","es":"¿Qué lleva la figura humana sobre la cabeza?"},"pista":{"en":"Look above the face: it is large, with a broad snout and rounded ears.","es":"Mira arriba del rostro: es grande, con hocico ancho y orejas redondeadas."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"According to the record, in which century was this piece probably made imitating Pre-Columbian style?","es":"Según la ficha, ¿en qué siglo se hizo probablemente esta pieza que imita el estilo precolombino?"},"pista":{"en":"The date in the Cleveland Museum of Art record appears with a question mark.","es":"La fecha en la ficha del Cleveland Museum of Art aparece con signo de interrogación."}}],"conexiones":["piedra serpentina pulida","figura en cuclillas","tocado zoomorfo","estilo precolombino del siglo XX","donación Gruener Cleveland Museum","pátina y desgaste artificial","escultura de bolsillo"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}