{"id":"cma-156948","titulo":{"en":"Stele with Shakyamuni and Maitreya, Northern Qi Dynasty","es":"Estela con Shakyamuni y Maitreya, dinastía Qi del Norte"},"titulo_original":"Stele with Shakyamuni and Maitreya","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"c. 570s","cultura":"China, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)","tecnica":"marble with polychromy","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.108","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.108/1993.108_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Stele with Shakyamuni and Maitreya, Northern Qi Dynasty","se_ve":"At the center, standing on a lotus pedestal, the serene figure of the Buddha Shakyamuni anchors the vertical axis of the stele; his oval face bears a gentle smile, downcast eyes and tightly curled hair, backed by a circular nimbus still tinged with faded reddish pigment. He wears a long, light robe that falls in soft, shallow folds to his bare feet; his right hand is raised in the gesture of reassurance while the left hangs open in generosity. Flanking him are four smaller attendants — two crowned bodhisattvas and two disciples with palms joined — each on its own lobed base. The whole group is set against a pointed, almond-shaped mandorla densely carved from top to bottom: at the apex a tiny stupa surrounded by flying celestials with fluttering scarves, some retaining traces of red and ochre; along the rim, scrolling vines and beaded borders; at the foot, interlaced dragons and clouds with speckles of old polychromy. The stone is a creamy white marble with veining, pitting and softened edges from age, lit frontally against a black background that emphasizes volume and the porous, weathered texture.","contexto":"Source data identifies the work as a marble stele with polychromy from China, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577), dated to around the 570s. According to that record, the front shows Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, with two bodhisattvas and two disciples before a mandorla adorned with a stupa and flying celestials. The reverse, not seen in this view, depicts a Buddha seated in pensive pose beneath twin sala trees, an attitude linked to Shakyamuni's first meditation or to Maitreya, the Buddha of the future. The pairing of the two Buddhas on opposite sides was a favored design during the Northern Qi, a period noted for prolific Buddhist votive sculpture.","como_mirarla":"Start with the central face and hands, then trace the mandorla upward to the tiny stupa at the top. Pause on the specks of red and ochre — they show the stele was once brightly painted and alter how we read the now pale marble.","dato_curioso":"Free-standing Buddhist steles like this were carved on both sides to be viewed while walking around them, and they often preserve traces of red, blue and gold paint beneath the patina, like the reddish tones still visible on the halo and side figures.","preguntas":["How does knowing there is another sacred scene on the back change the meaning of the stele?","What does the repetition of gestures and scale between the central figure and its attendants suggest to you?","How does the lost color alter our modern idea of restraint in ancient sculpture?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Estela con Shakyamuni y Maitreya, dinastía Qi del Norte","se_ve":"En el centro, de pie sobre un pedestal de loto, la figura serena de Buda Shakyamuni ocupa el eje vertical de la estela; su rostro ovalado muestra una sonrisa contenida, ojos entornados y cabello en pequeños rizos, con un halo circular detrás de la cabeza decorado con restos de pigmento rojizo. Viste un manto largo y ligero que cae en pliegues suaves hasta los tobillos, dejando ver los pies descalzos; su mano derecha se alza en gesto de protección y la izquierda desciende abierta en ofrenda. Lo flanquean cuatro figuras menores, dos bodisatvas coronados y dos discípulos con las manos en oración, cada uno sobre su propia base lobulada. Toda la composición se recorta contra una mandorla almendrada y puntiaguda, densamente tallada: en la parte superior, una pequeña estupa central rodeada de seres celestiales voladores con bufandas ondulantes, algunos aún con toques de rojo y ocre; en los bordes, cenefas vegetales y perladas; en la base, dragones y nubes entrelazadas y manchas de policromía antigua. La piedra es mármol blanquecino con vetas, pátina y desgaste que suaviza los relieves, iluminada de frente sobre fondo negro que resalta el volumen y la textura porosa.","contexto":"La ficha de la fuente identifica la obra como una estela de mármol con policromía de China, dinastía Qi del Norte (550-577), datada hacia la década de 570. Según esa descripción, el anverso muestra a Shakyamuni, el Buda histórico, acompañado de dos bodisatvas y dos discípulos frente a una mandorla con estupa y apsaras voladoras. El reverso, no visible en esta imagen, representaría a un Buda sentado en pose pensativa bajo dos árboles sala, postura asociada a la primera meditación de Shakyamuni o a la meditación de Maitreya, el Buda del futuro. La presencia conjunta de ambos budas en caras opuestas fue un esquema muy apreciado en el periodo Qi del Norte, marcado por una intensa producción de arte budista votivo.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por el rostro y las manos de la figura central y luego sigue el contorno de la mandorla hacia arriba hasta la estupa diminuta. Detente en los rastros de rojo y ocre: revelan que la estela fue pintada y cambian la percepción del mármol hoy pálido.","dato_curioso":"Las estelas budistas exentas como esta se tallaban por ambas caras para ser vistas en circunvalación, y conservan a menudo restos de pintura roja, azul y dorado bajo la pátina, como los tonos rojizos que aún se aprecian en el halo y las figuras laterales.","preguntas":["¿Cómo cambia el sentido de la estela al saber que tiene otra escena sagrada en la cara posterior?","¿Qué te sugiere la repetición de gestos y tamaños entre la figura central y sus acompañantes?","¿De qué manera el color perdido transforma nuestra idea de sobriedad en la escultura antigua?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["buddhist sculpture","marble","polychromy","northern qi dynasty","shakyamuni","maitreya","bodhisattva","mandorla","votive stele","chinese art","6th century","apsaras","stupa"],"es":["escultura budista","mármol","policromía","dinastía qi del norte","shakyamuni","maitreya","bodisatva","mandorla","estela votiva","arte chino","siglo vi","apsaras","estupa"]},"objetos":["buda de pie","bodisatvas coronados","discípulos","mandorla almendrada","halo","estupa","seres celestiales voladores","pedestal de loto","dragones en la base"],"colores":["#E8E0D3","#B55242","#8A7A6A","#2B2B2B","#C9A86A"],"animo":["sereno","devoto","contemplativo"],"epoca":"c. 570s, dinastía Qi del Norte (550-577)","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I pause on the surface of this whitish marble from the 570s. I notice the patina of time, the wear that has softened the reliefs, and the traces of reddish and ochre polychromy still present on the halo, the mandorla, and the scarves of the flying beings. Every vein and pore tells me about the stone carved and painted in Northern Qi, and how the frontal light today highlights those fragile pigments I try to imagine whole.","es":"Me detengo en la superficie de este mármol blanquecino de la década de 570. Observo la pátina del tiempo, el desgaste que suavizó los relieves y los restos de policromía rojiza y ocre que aún viven en el halo, en la mandorla y en las bufandas de los seres voladores. Cada veta y porosidad me habla de la piedra tallada y pintada en el Qi del Norte, y de cómo la luz frontal hoy resalta esos pigmentos frágiles que intento imaginar completos."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"This pointed almond mandorla looks like a map of the cosmos to me. At the center, Shakyamuni standing on his lotus is like an axis of the world, with his circular halo as a calm sun. Above, the small stupa is a pole star surrounded by celestial beings floating with waving scarves, like comets or constellations in orbit. Even the dragons and clouds at the base make me think of nebulae supporting that carved and ordered universe.","es":"Esta mandorla almendrada me parece un mapa del cosmos. Al centro, Shakyamuni de pie sobre su loto es como un eje del mundo, con su halo circular como un sol sereno. Arriba, la pequeña estupa es una estrella polar rodeada de seres celestiales que flotan con bufandas ondulantes, como cometas o constelaciones en órbita. Incluso los dragones y nubes de la base me hacen pensar en nebulosas que sostienen ese universo tallado y ordenado."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"This Buddha looks like he is waving hello with his little raised hand! He stands in the middle, very tall on a lotus flower, with his tiny smile and his robe full of little folds. At his sides there are four smaller friends, two with pretty crowns and two praying. Behind everything shines in a giant almond shape full of little carvings, tiny flying angels with scarves and red touches, and down below there are little dragons hidden among clouds.","es":"¡Este Buda parece que me saluda con su manita alzada! Está en medio, bien alto sobre una flor de loto, con su sonrisa chiquita y su vestido con muchos doblitos. A sus lados hay cuatro amiguitos más pequeños, dos con coronas bonitas y dos rezando. Atrás todo brilla con una forma como de almendra gigante llena de dibujitos, angelitos volando con bufandas y toques rojos, y abajo hay dragoncitos escondidos entre nubes."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"Counting only the front image, how many main human figures flank the central Buddha at his sides?","es":"Contando solo la imagen del frente, ¿cuántas figuras humanas principales acompañan al Buda central a sus lados?"},"pista":{"en":"Look to the sides of the standing Buddha: there are two with crowns and two with hands together.","es":"Mira a los costados del Buda de pie: hay dos con coronas y dos con manos juntas."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What small sacred building appears carved at the top center of the mandorla, among the flying beings?","es":"¿Qué pequeño edificio sagrado aparece tallado en la parte superior central de la mandorla, entre los seres voladores?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a dome-shaped building with a spire, a Buddhist symbol right above the Buddha's halo.","es":"Es una construcción con forma de cúpula y aguja, símbolo budista que está justo arriba del halo del Buda."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What type of flower does the pedestal of Shakyamuni Buddha in the center of the stele rest upon?","es":"¿Sobre qué tipo de flor descansa el pedestal del Buda Shakyamuni en el centro de la estela?"},"pista":{"en":"Look for the lobed base under the Buddha's bare feet, it is a flower very important in Buddhism.","es":"Busca la base lobulada bajo los pies descalzos del Buda, es una flor muy importante en el budismo."}}],"conexiones":["estela votiva","mandorla almendrada","policromía sobre mármol","iconografía de Shakyamuni y Maitreya","dinastía Qi del Norte","arte budista chino del siglo VI","talla de dragones y nubes","apsaras voladoras"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}