{"id":"cma-160295","titulo":{"en":"Statuette of a Horse, Geometric Greece","es":"Estatuilla de un caballo, Grecia geométrica"},"titulo_original":"Statuette of a Horse","autor":"Unknown maker / Autor desconocido","fecha":"750–700 BCE","cultura":"Greek, Geometric, probably Corinthian","tecnica":"bronze","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.173","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.173/1998.173_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Statuette of a Horse, Geometric Greece","se_ve":"Against a smooth gradient gray background, a small bronze horse sculpture stands in three-quarter profile facing right. The figure is highly stylized and almost flat, like a cut-out silhouette, with a tall, elongated neck, a tubular muzzle projecting forward, and tiny ears just visible at the top of the head. The body is compact and the legs are thin, sheet-like struts that connect to a rectangular openwork base with visible perforations. The surface shows a dark patina ranging from black to reddish brown, speckled with bluish-green corrosion more intense on the legs and base, with soft satiny highlights along the back and neck where light strikes. The texture is rough and uneven, with corroded edges and small losses, especially at the muzzle and around the base. Despite wear, the statuette remains intact and upright, conveying a fragile balance and essential geometry. Soft, even lighting models the form without harsh shadows and emphasizes the contrast between the aged metal and the plain backdrop, allowing tiny pits and color variations to be seen on close inspection.","contexto":"This bronze statuette dates to 750–700 BCE and belongs to the Greek Geometric period, probably made in a Corinthian workshop according to the Cleveland Museum of Art. It was cast using the lost-wax process and is conceived in profile, with balanced, stylized forms designed for clarity and legibility. It is one of thousands of bronze animal figurines produced across the Greek world at this time, but it stands out for its intact condition and relatively large size. Its exact findspot is unknown, so the cultural attribution is based on style.","como_mirarla":"Start with the silhouette and notice how the entire horse reads as a sharp, elongated profile. Then move down to the perforated base and sheet-like legs to appreciate the fragile construction. Finally, follow the shifts in patina from dark brown to green to sense the age and original luster of the bronze.","dato_curioso":"Thousands of similar bronze horse votives were made in the Geometric period, most only a few centimeters tall; this example is notable for surviving intact and for its unusually large size.","preguntas":["How does its extreme stylization change the way you feel the animal compared to a realistic depiction?","How does knowing it was likely a votive offering rather than decoration affect its meaning?","What does its preservation tell us about the value of bronze and horses in early Greece?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Estatuilla de un caballo, Grecia geométrica","se_ve":"Sobre un fondo gris degradado y neutro se alza una pequeña escultura de bronce en forma de caballo, vista en tres cuartos de perfil hacia la derecha. La figura es estilizada y plana, casi como una silueta recortada, con un cuello alto y alargado, hocico tubular que sobresale y orejas diminutas apenas marcadas en la parte superior de la cabeza. El cuerpo es compacto y las patas son láminas delgadas y rectas que se unen a una base rectangular perforada y calada, con oxidación visible. La superficie muestra una pátina oscura, entre negro y marrón rojizo, moteada de verde azulado por la corrosión del bronce, más intensa en las patas y la base, con brillos satinados en el lomo y el cuello donde la luz incide. La textura es rugosa e irregular, con bordes corroídos y pequeñas pérdidas, sobre todo en el hocico y la base. A pesar del desgaste, se conserva completa y estable, transmitiendo una sensación de equilibrio frágil y geometría esencial. La luz suave modela los volúmenes sin sombras duras y resalta el contraste entre el metal envejecido y el fondo liso.","contexto":"Esta estatuilla de bronce data de 750–700 a.C. y pertenece al periodo Geométrico griego, probablemente elaborada en un taller corintio, según el Cleveland Museum of Art. Fue fundida con la técnica de la cera perdida y está concebida en perfil, con formas equilibradas y estilizadas para una lectura clara. Forma parte de los miles de figurillas animales producidas en el mundo griego en esa época, pero destaca por su buen estado de conservación y su tamaño relativamente grande. No se conoce su lugar de hallazgo, por lo que la atribución cultural se basa en el estilo.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por la silueta: nota cómo todo el caballo se lee como un perfil nítido y alargado. Luego baja la mirada a la base perforada y a las patas laminares para apreciar la fragilidad del ensamble. Fíjate por último en los cambios de color de la pátina, que revelan siglos de oxidación y el brillo original del bronce.","dato_curioso":"En el periodo Geométrico se produjeron miles de caballos de bronce votivos similares, y la mayoría medía apenas unos centímetros; esta pieza sorprende por conservarse completa y por su tamaño mayor al promedio.","preguntas":["¿Qué te comunica la estilización extrema frente a un retrato realista de un caballo?","¿Cómo cambia tu percepción al saber que era probablemente una ofrenda votiva y no un juguete?","¿Qué historias sobre el valor del bronce y del caballo en la Grecia temprana sugiere su conservación?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["horse","bronze","geometric period","ancient greece","sculpture","lost-wax casting","votive figurine","stylization","patina","greek art","corinthian","animal","antiquity","silhouette"],"es":["caballo","bronce","periodo geométrico","grecia antigua","escultura","cera perdida","figurilla votiva","estilización","pátina","arte griego","corinto","animal","antigüedad","silueta"]},"objetos":["caballo de bronce","base rectangular perforada","pátina con corrosión verde"],"colores":["#2B2A26","#6B4A2E","#5A7D6A","#8A8D8F","#3E5A4C"],"animo":["sobrio","venerable","frágil","atemporal"],"epoca":"750–700 BCE, Geometric Greece","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"I focus on the patina of this small bronze horse from 750 to 700 BC. I see the dark black and reddish brown surface speckled with bluish green, especially on the thin legs and the perforated rectangular base. That corrosion tells of centuries of oxidation. It moves me how, despite the eroded edges and small losses on the snout, the figure remains stable and whole. The lost-wax casting left a rough texture that now shines softly on the back where light hits it.","es":"Me detengo en la pátina de este caballito de bronce del 750 al 700 a.C. Veo el negro y el marrón rojizo moteados de verde azulado, sobre todo en las patas y en la base rectangular perforada. Esa corrosión me cuenta siglos de oxidación. Me conmueve cómo, a pesar de los bordes corroídos y las pequeñas pérdidas en el hocico, la figura sigue estable y completa. La técnica de la cera perdida dejó una superficie rugosa que ahora brilla sutil en el lomo donde pega la luz."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"This horse makes me think of constellations. It is a flat, cutout silhouette seen in three-quarter profile facing right, like a star chart where dots are joined by lines. Its tall, elongated neck and tubular muzzle are pure geometry, essential, with no extra detail. It was made to be read clearly in profile, just as we recognize shapes in the night sky. It is from the Greek Geometric period, perhaps from a Corinthian workshop, and it sums up the animal in a few balanced, elegant strokes.","es":"Este caballo me hace pensar en constelaciones. Es una silueta recortada, plana, vista en tres cuartos de perfil hacia la derecha, como si fuera un dibujo de estrellas unidas con líneas. Su cuello alto y alargado y su hocico tubular son geometría pura, esencial, sin detalle extra. Fue hecho para leerse claro de perfil, igual que reconocemos figuras en el cielo nocturno. Es del periodo Geométrico griego, quizá de un taller corintio, y resume el animal en pocos trazos equilibrados y elegantes."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a little toy horse made from a cutout sheet. It has a super long neck and super skinny, straight little legs standing on a base with little holes. Its color is like dark chocolate with green speckles, as if it were very old and rusty. Its little snout is like a small tube and you can barely see its ears. I like that even though it is a bit worn and scratchy, it still stands firm, as if it were about to run off at any moment.","es":"Parece un caballito de juguete hecho con una lámina recortada. Tiene el cuello súper largo y las patitas flaquitas y derechitas que lo sostienen sobre una base con hoyitos. Su color es como chocolate oscuro con manchitas verdes, como si estuviera viejito y oxidado. Su hociquito es como un tubito y casi no se ven sus orejitas. Me gusta que aunque está un poco gastadito y rasposito, sigue paradito y firme, como si fuera a salir corriendo en cualquier momento."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"How many thin, straight legs hold the horse up on its base?","es":"¿Cuántas patas delgadas y rectas sostienen al caballo sobre su base?"},"pista":{"en":"Look under the compact body, where the figure meets the perforated rectangular base.","es":"Mira debajo del cuerpo compacto, donde la figura toca la base rectangular perforada."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What metal is the statuette made of, showing a dark patina with bluish green spots?","es":"¿De qué metal está hecha la estatuilla que muestra pátina oscura con manchas verde azulado?"},"pista":{"en":"It is an ancient metallic material worked with the lost-wax technique.","es":"Es un material metálico antiguo trabajado con la técnica de la cera perdida."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"Which way is the horse facing when seen in three-quarter profile?","es":"¿Hacia qué lado mira el caballo si lo ves en tres cuartos de perfil?"},"pista":{"en":"Notice which direction its long tubular muzzle is pointing.","es":"Observa hacia dónde apunta su hocico tubular alargado."}}],"conexiones":["arte griego del periodo Geométrico","técnica de la cera perdida","figurillas votivas de animales","pátina y corrosión del bronce","estilización y silueta en escultura","caballo como símbolo en la antigüedad","talleres corintios","escultura en bronce de pequeño formato"]},"salas":["ajedrez-en-pausa","aves-sobre-una-pata"],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}