{"id":"cma-98913","titulo":{"en":"Medal: Giuseppe Bossi Pittore, by Luigi Cossa","es":"Medalla: Giuseppe Bossi Pittore, por Luigi Cossa"},"titulo_original":"Medal: Guiseppe Rossi Pittore","autor":"Luigi Cossa (Italian, 1789–1867)","fecha":"early-mid 1800s","cultura":"Italy, 19th century","tecnica":"bronze","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Jerome B. Zerbe","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.578","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.578/1918.578_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Medal: Giuseppe Bossi Pittore, by Luigi Cossa","se_ve":"The image shows the obverse and reverse of a single bronze medal photographed frontally against a neutral, softly graded grey background, casting a gentle shadow forward as if floating just above a surface. The piece is circular with a dark copper-brown patina, warmer where light catches the raised relief. On the obverse, an oval medallion at the centre bears a profile portrait of a man with short curly hair, straight nose and bare neck with a classical drape, facing right. The medallion is framed by a leafy garland and topped by two winged putti holding a laurel wreath; their plump bodies and outstretched wings are finely modeled. Around the rim runs an inscription in capitals: GIUSEPPE BOSSI PITTORE. On the reverse, a continuous laurel wreath runs around the edge, tied with a bow at the bottom. Inside, centred in five lines, the raised text reads: DECORO DELLA PATRIA SPLENDORE DEL SECOLO XVIII. The bronze surface shows light wear, tiny pitting and slightly irregular, chased edges, suggesting a palm-sized object meant to be held and turned. The lighting emphasizes texture, depth and the contrast between polished highlights and darker recesses.","contexto":"According to Cleveland Museum of Art data, this is a bronze medal titled Medal: Guiseppe Rossi Pittore by Luigi Cossa (Italian, 1789–1867), dated to the early to mid-1800s, within 19th-century Italian culture. It is classified as Metalwork in the Decorative Art and Design department. The visible inscription reads BOSSI and GIUSEPPE PITTORE, which probably refers to the Milanese painter, writer and collector Giuseppe Bossi (1777–1815), celebrated in the 19th century; the difference with the title Rossi is not explained in the source. No further details about commission or exact striking date are given.","como_mirarla":"Start with the bright profile at the centre and how it emerges from the darker patina. Then follow the two putti at the top and the garland that cradles the oval. On the reverse, notice how the plain lettering inside the laurel wreath shifts the tone from celebratory image to solemn tribute.","dato_curioso":"In 19th-century Europe, bronze portrait medals were widely collected as portable monuments, allowing admirers to keep the likeness of illustrious artists in their hands and cabinets.","preguntas":["How does the contrast between idealized portrait and formal inscription shape the meaning of tribute?","What changes when an artwork is designed to be held and flipped rather than hung on a wall?","Why might a culture choose to memorialize a painter in metal?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Medalla: Giuseppe Bossi Pittore, por Luigi Cossa","se_ve":"La imagen muestra el anverso y el reverso de una misma medalla de bronce fotografiada de frente sobre un fondo gris neutro degradado, con sombra suave proyectada hacia adelante, como si flotara sobre una superficie. La pieza es circular y de tono cobrizo oscuro, con pátina irregular y reflejos cálidos donde la luz roza el metal. En el anverso, al centro, un medallón ovalado en relieve contiene el retrato en perfil de un hombre de cabello rizado y corto, nariz recta y cuello descubierto con drapeado clásico, mirando hacia la derecha. El medallón está enmarcado por una guirnalda de hojas y dos querubines alados en la parte superior que sostienen una corona de laurel; sus cuerpos regordetes y alas desplegadas se recortan con detalle anatómico. Alrededor del borde corre una inscripción en mayúsculas: GIUSEPPE BOSSI PITTORE. En el reverso, la medalla presenta una corona de laurel continua que bordea todo el perímetro, atada con un moño en la base. Dentro, centrado en cinco líneas, se lee el texto en relieve: DECORO DELLA PATRIA SPLENDORE DEL SECOLO XVIII. La textura del bronce muestra desgaste leve, poros pequeños y bordes dentados por el cincelado original, con una escala que sugiere objeto para sostener en la palma.","contexto":"Según los datos del Cleveland Museum of Art, la obra es una medalla de bronce titulada Medal: Guiseppe Rossi Pittore y atribuida a Luigi Cossa (italiano, 1789–1867), fechada a principios-mediados del siglo XIX, dentro de la cultura italiana del siglo XIX. Pertenece a la categoría de Metalwork del departamento de Decorative Art and Design. La inscripción visible dice BOSSI y GIUSEPPE PITTORE, que probablemente alude al pintor, escritor y coleccionista Giuseppe Bossi (1777–1815), figura destacada de Milán admirada en el siglo XIX; la discrepancia con el título Rossi no se explica en la fuente. No se conocen detalles sobre el encargo o la fecha exacta de acuñación.","como_mirarla":"Observa primero el contraste entre el brillo del perfil central y la penumbra de la pátina. Luego sigue con la vista a los dos ángeles de la parte superior y a la guirnalda que sostiene el retrato. En el reverso, compara la sobriedad del texto con la ornamentación del anverso y nota cómo la corona de laurel unifica ambas caras.","dato_curioso":"Las medallas conmemorativas de bronce como esta se coleccionaban y regalaban en el siglo XIX para honrar a artistas ilustres, funcionando como retratos portátiles que cabían en la mano.","preguntas":["¿Qué comunica el contraste entre la imagen idealizada del retrato y el texto solemne del reverso?","¿Cómo cambia el valor de una obra cuando puede sostenerse y girarse entre dos caras?","¿Por qué una sociedad decide recordar a un pintor en metal y no solo en pintura?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["medal","bronze","profile portrait","neoclassicism","19th century","italy","decorative arts","putti","laurel wreath","commemoration","relief","patina","epigraphy","posthumous tribute","visual culture"],"es":["medalla","bronce","retrato en perfil","neoclasicismo","siglo xix","italia","artes decorativas","putti","corona de laurel","conmemoración","relieve","pátina","epigrafía","homenaje póstumo","cultura visual"]},"objetos":["medalla de bronce anverso","medalla de bronce reverso","retrato en perfil masculino","dos putti alados","corona de laurel","guirnalda vegetal","inscripción perimetral","texto central en cinco líneas","moño en base de guirnalda"],"colores":["#5E4634","#8C6B4A","#3B332E","#A98E6D","#1A1A1A"],"animo":["solemne","reverente","nostálgico"],"epoca":"early-mid 1800s (siglo XIX)","certeza":"media","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"Look closely and the bronze tells its age. I see a dark coppery tone with uneven patina and warm highlights where light grazes the relief. The obverse holds an oval medallion with a man's profile framed by a leafy garland held by two winged cherubs. The reverse is encircled by a laurel wreath tied with a bow at the base. The indented edges and tiny pores reveal the original chiseling and light wear, typical of an object made to be held in the palm.","es":"Si te acercas, el bronce te cuenta su edad. Veo un tono cobrizo oscuro con pátina irregular y reflejos cálidos donde la luz roza el relieve. El anverso tiene un medallón ovalado con el perfil de un hombre y una guirnalda de hojas sostenida por dos querubines alados. El reverso está ceñido por una corona de laurel atada con moño. Los bordes dentados y los poros del metal muestran el cincelado original y un desgaste leve propio de una pieza hecha para sostenerse en la palma."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"To me this medal is like a small orbit. It is circular, floating against a neutral gray background, and everything revolves around a center. On the obverse, the profile portrait faces to the right, encircled by the inscription GIUSEPPE BOSSI PITTORE around the rim. On the reverse, the five-line text sits perfectly centered inside the laurel wreath. It is a closed, balanced universe where each element holds its place like stars around a core.","es":"Para mí esta medalla es como una pequeña órbita. Es circular, flota sobre un fondo gris neutro y todo en ella gira alrededor de un centro. En el anverso, el retrato en perfil mira hacia la derecha, rodeado por la inscripción perimetral GIUSEPPE BOSSI PITTORE. En el reverso, el texto en cinco líneas queda perfectamente centrado dentro de la corona de laurel. Es un universo cerrado, equilibrado, donde cada elemento tiene su lugar como estrellas alrededor de un núcleo."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like a giant treasure coin! On one side there is a curly-haired man looking to the right like a Roman emperor with his cape. On top there are two babies with little wings carrying a leafy crown. On the other side there are only letters inside another wreath with a tiny bow at the bottom. It is coppery brown and shiny where the light hits it. I imagine it feels heavy and cool to touch.","es":"¡Parece una moneda gigante de tesoro! De un lado hay un señor de pelo rizado que mira a la derecha como si fuera un emperador romano con su capa. Arriba hay dos bebés con alitas que cargan una coronita de hojas. Del otro lado hay puras letras dentro de otra coronita con un moñito abajo. Es de color café cobrizo y brilla donde le pega la luz. Me la imagino pesadita y fría al tocarla."}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"Look carefully: how many winged cherubs hold the garland on the obverse of the medal?","es":"Cuenta con atención: ¿cuántos querubines alados sostienen la guirnalda en el anverso de la medalla?"},"pista":{"en":"Look at the top of the oval medallion, right where the laurel wreath begins.","es":"Mira la parte superior del medallón ovalado, justo donde empieza la corona de laurel."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"On the reverse, how many lines of raised text appear inside the laurel wreath?","es":"En el reverso, ¿cuántas líneas de texto en relieve aparecen dentro de la corona de laurel?"},"pista":{"en":"Count the centered rows that make up the inscription DECORO DELLA PATRIA...","es":"Cuenta las filas centradas que forman la inscripción DECORO DELLA PATRIA..."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What decorative object with a bow at the base goes around the entire edge of the reverse?","es":"¿Qué objeto decorativo con moño en la base rodea todo el borde del reverso?"},"pista":{"en":"It is a circular vegetal garland that in ancient Rome crowned poets and generals.","es":"Es una guirnalda vegetal circular que en la Roma antigua premiaba a poetas y generales."}}],"conexiones":["retrato en perfil a la manera clásica","neoclasicismo italiano del siglo XIX","arte del bronce y pátina","corona de laurel como símbolo de honor","epigrafía conmemorativa","putti y guirnaldas decorativas","medallas como homenaje póstumo","cultura visual y memoria de artistas ilustres"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-spark-open-1026"}